叶面肥对油茶幼苗生长和生理特征影响的研究

Effects of Foliar Fertilizer on the Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Camellia oleifera Seedlings

以1 a生出圃的油茶幼苗为材料研究不同浓度无机盐配比的叶面肥对油茶幼苗生长发育的影响,以便获得有利于油茶幼苗生长的叶面肥。在N、P、K肥的基础上,对硼酸、硫酸锌、钼酸钠进行L 9(34)正交试验设计来配制叶面肥,喷施油茶幼苗叶片一段时间后测定幼苗的生长及其生理生化指标,对测定结果进行了极差分析和方差分析,并对优化的叶面肥进行了验证试验分析。结果表明,优化的叶面肥是以N、P、K为基础的0.2%硼酸+0.05%硫酸锌+0.01%钼酸钠的混合溶液。这种优化的叶面肥能够提高油茶幼苗的叶片数、叶芽比值、叶片的厚度、栅栏组织与海绵组织的厚度比值、叶片上表皮和下表皮的厚度比值,能够提高叶片的叶绿素、可溶性总糖、蛋白质和多酚的含量,能够提高油茶叶片的PPO、CAT、POD、SOD等氧化酶的活性,培育出了生长健壮的油茶幼苗。该叶面肥在生产实践上可为油茶苗木的繁茂生长提供参考。

Using seedlings of Camellia oleifera in nursery garden,the effects of the foliar fertilizers with different concentrations of inorganic salts on the growth and development of seedlings were studied in order to obtain the optimal formula of foliar fertilizers.Based on N,P,and K fertilizers,the orthogonal experimental design of the three levels and three factors of H 3 BO 3,ZnSO 4 and Na 2 MoO 4 was carried out to evaluate different formulas of foliar fertilizers,which were further confirmed through analyzing the indexes of growth and physiology of leaves sprayed with foliar fertilizers with the range analysis and variance analysis method.The results showed that the optimal foliar fertilizer contained 0.2%H 3 BO 3,0.05%ZnSO 4 and 0.01%Na 2 MoO 4 on the base of N,P,K fertilizers.It could increase many detected indexes,including the leaf number,the ratio of leaf to bud,the leaf thickness,the thickness ratio of palisade tissue to sponge tissue and of upper epidermis to lower epidermis,the content of chlorophyll,total soluble sugar,proteins and polyphenols,and the oxidase activity of PPO,CAT,POD and SOD in seedling leaves.The optimized foliar fertilizer would promote the growth and development of C.oleifera seedlings and could provided an effective means for enhancing the growth of seedlings in productive practice of C.oleifera.