多尺度镍-氮-碳催化剂在电还原CO2生成CO中的研究进展

Recent advances in multilevel nickel-nitrogen-carbon catalysts for CO2 electroreduction to CO

电化学CO2还原(ECR)作为一种清洁的CO2转化技术,倍受关注。开发高效的电催化剂是影响和决定ECR技术发展的关键。碳基材料具有来源丰富、比表面积高、孔隙率大、维数尺度多和活性位点可调等优点,是理想的ECR电催化剂之一。其中,金属镍-氮-碳(Ni-N-C)材料由于其活性位点丰富、选择性高等特点,在ECR生成CO的过程中展现出巨大的优势和应用潜力。本文介绍了ECR反应的基本原理和主要性能参数,综述了近年来国内外有关多尺度Ni-N-C催化剂在ECR反应生成CO中的研究进展。详细介绍了Ni-N-C催化剂碳骨架/基底的种类,主要包括小尺度碳质材料、一维(1D)碳质材料、二维(2D)碳质材料和纳米多孔碳质材料。讨论了Ni-N-C催化剂在电还原CO2生成CO应用过程中存在的问题。最后,展望了Ni-N-C催化剂在ECR体系中的挑战与应用前景。

As an emerging CO2 conversion technology,the electrochemical CO2 reduction(ECR)reaction has received widespread attention.For the ECR process,the accurate and rational design of electrocatalysts is essential and significant for improving the catalytic performance.Carbon-based materials are considered one of the promising electrocatalysts for ECR because of their variety of abundant sources,high specific surface area,high porosity,and multilevel dimensionality and tunable active sites.Furthermore,doping by heteroatoms and introducing metal atoms in the frameworks or substrates of the carbon materials are effective strategies for further improving the ECR activity.Particularly,nickel-nitrogen-carbon(Ni-N-C)materials show excellent reactivities for the ECR to CO and have the potential for large-scale applications.We summarize the recent development of Ni-N-C catalysts with a multilevel structure for the ECR to CO and also the key principles and primary parameters of the ECR.Furthermore,the rational and precise design of multilevel Ni-N-C catalysts on different carbon frameworks or substrates is discussed and presented,especially including carbon quantum dots,one dimensional(1D)carbon-based materials,two dimensional(2D)carbon-based materials and nanoporous carbon-based materials.The effects of microstructure on ECR performance are also analyzed.Finally,the challenges and outlook for Ni-N-C catalysts in an ECR system are presented.This review provides some new insights and guidelines for rationally designing and preparing Ni-N-C catalysts with a multilevel structure and high performance.