菜心和芥蓝表型多样性的主成分分析与聚类分析

Evaluation of Chinese Flowering Cabbage and Chinese Kale by Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis

【目的】综合评价26份菜心和7份芥蓝资源的表型多样性,为挖掘和利用优异蔬菜种质资源提供参考依据。【方法】测定26份菜心资源和7份芥蓝资源的16个表型性状,利用主成分分析和聚类分析法进行分析评价。【结果】菜心和芥蓝均具有较大的表型性状变异,且变异来源不同,菜心的变异主要源于叶重、主薹重、单株重、开展度、主薹直径、薹色和叶色等质量性状和横向性状,芥蓝的变异主要源于株高、主薹茎长和叶片数等纵向性状。初花期可能是菜心和芥蓝花期性状变异的主要来源;菜心和芥蓝的抗虫性变异均大于抗病性,菜心的抗病性和抗虫性变异均大于芥蓝。相关性分析结果表明,菜心性状间的相关性比芥蓝简单,二者的花期、株高、主薹茎长、主薹直径、主薹重和单株重等相关性变化一致,而开展度、叶片数、叶重、叶色、薹色、抗病性和抗虫性等性状差异较明显。主成分分析结果表明,菜心16个表型性状的绝大部分信息由4个累计贡献率达81.76%的花期因子、主薹因子、颜色因子和叶片因子表示,芥蓝16个表型性状的绝大部分信息由3个累计贡献率达91.38%的花期因子、主薹因子和叶片因子表示。综合评价结果表明,菜心4号、12号、20号和25号及芥蓝5号、6号和7号性状优异。聚类分析结果表明,26份菜心资源可分为三大类,7份芥蓝资源可分为两大类,均与主成分分析及综合评价结果一致。【结论】菜心和芥蓝资源表型多样性的主成分分析与聚类分析结果一致性较佳,其中主成分分析可简化表达表型性状及其相互关系,用以评价原始性状更简单直观,用于种质资源评价可提高准确度。

【Objective】The phenotypic diversity of 26 Chinese flowering cabbage and 7 Chinese kale varieties was synthetically evaluated,aimed on utilization of superior resources for breeding purposes and dissemination of knowledge for research purposes.【Method】The 16 phenotypic characters of 26 Chinese flowering cabbage resources and 7 Chinese kale resources were measured,and analyzed and evaluated by principal component analysis and cluster analysis.【Result】The variation of Chinese flowering cabbage mainly originated from quality traits and horizontal traits such as leaf weight,main stalk weight,single plant weight,plant width,main stalk diameter,stalk color and leaf color. The variation of kale mainly originates from the vertical traits and the number of leaves such as plant height,main stalk stem length and number of leaves. The initial flowering period might be the main source of the variation of the flowering period of Chinese flowering cabbage and Chinese kale. The variation of insect resistance was greater than that of disease resistance,and the variation of disease resistance and insect resistance of Chinese flowering cabbage was greater than that of kale. Correlation analysis showed that the correlation between the traits of cabbage was simpler than that of Chinese kale. The correlation changes between the flowering period,plant height,main stalk stem length,main stalk diameter,main stalk weight,and individual plant weight were consistent. The relationship between plant width,leaf number,leaf weight,leaf color,stalk color,disease resistance and insect resistance show more difference. Principal component analysis showed that most of the information of the 16 phenotypic traits of Chinese flowering cabbage was represented by 4 flowering factors,main stalk factors,color factors and leaf factors with a cumulative contribution rate of 81.76 %. Most of the information of Chinese kale is represented by three flowering factors,main stalk factors and leaf factors with a cumulative contribution rate of 91.38 %. The comprehensive evaluation results showed that Caixin No. 4,No. 12,No. 20 and No. 25 and Chinese Kale No.5,No.6 and No.7 had excellent traits. The cluster analysis results showed that the 26 Chinese flowering cabbage resources could be divided into three categories,and the 7 Chinese kale resources could be divided into two categories,which were consistent with the principal component analysis and comprehensive evaluation results.【Conclusion】The results of principal component analysis and cluster analysis of the phenotypic diversity of Chinese flowering cabbage and Chinese kale are consistent. Among them,principal component analysis can simplify the expression of phenotypic traits and their relationships,and it is simpler and more intuitive to evaluate the original traits in germplasm resource evaluation can improve accuracy.