反光膜和摘叶对毛葡萄果际微气候及其果实品质的影响

Effect of Application of Reflecting Film and Leaf Removal on Microclimate Around Fruiting Zone and Fruit Quality of Vitis quinquangularis Rehd. Grape

【目的】探究光调控处理对毛葡萄野酿2号果际微气候条件及果实基本理化指标的影响,为优化广西毛葡萄栽培措施及改善广西毛葡萄酿酒品质提供理论依据。【方法】以广西南宁地区的毛葡萄品种野酿2号为研究对象,在其果实转色始期进行摘叶和铺设反光膜调控光照强度处理,以不进行摘叶和不铺设反光膜为对照,采用HOBO小型气象站采集各处理果际的温湿度和光照参数,并测定、分析两种光调控处理和对照各发育阶段果实的基本理化指标。【结果】摘叶与铺设反光膜处理均可增强野酿2号果际光照强度,且摘叶处理的效果更明显,其果际的光合有效辐射日均值是对照的6~13倍,太阳总辐射日均值是对照的2~4倍。两种光调控处理均可不同程度降低野酿2号果际的昼夜温差、日最高温度、昼夜湿度差和日最高湿度,同时增加日最低温度和湿度;降低采收期果实鲜重和可滴定酸含量,增加可溶性固形物含量及果皮色度和红色色调值。【结论】于毛葡萄野酿2号果实转色始期摘叶和铺设反光膜可改善其果际通风透光条件,缩短高温出现时间并降低高温出现频率,提升浆果品质,其中摘叶调控的效果更佳。

【Objective】To provide theoretical basis for further optimizing the cultivation measures and improving the wine quality of Vitis quinquangularis Rehd. grape in Guangxi,the effects of application of reflecting film and leaf removal at the beginning veraison on the microclimate in the fruiting zone and fruit quality of V. quinquangularis Rehd. Grape cv. Yeniang No.2 were analyzed.【Method】In Nanning, Guangxi,Yeniang No.2 was material, and leaf removal and reflective transfer film laying treatments were conducted when fruits started to change color, and without leaf removal and reflective transfer film laying treatments were as control. The variations in temperature,humidity and light conditions before and after the treatments were traced using HOBO weather stations. The berry quality indexes of fruit samples under the two kinds of light control treatments and the control at each developmental stage were determined.【Result】Both treatments achieved the purpose of enhancing the light intensity around fruiting zone of Yeniang No.2, and the effect of leaf removal treatment was more obvious. The daily average photosynthetic effective radiation was increased by 6 to 13 times compared with the control, and the daily average of total solar radiation increased by 2 to 4 times when compared with the control. The two treatments also reduced the temperature difference between day and night for Yeniang No.2, the daily maximum temperature, the humidity difference between day and night and the daily maximum humidity and increased the daily minimum temperature and humidity. Leaf removal and reflective film treatments reduced the fresh weight and titratable acid content of grape at harvest, but increased the soluble solids, improved skin color and red hue.【Conclusion】Leaf removal and application of reflective film can improve the ventilation and light transmittance around fruiting zone at the beginning when berries start to change color. The effect is more prominent in the leaf removal treatment, which shortens the time of high temperature, reduces the frequency of high temperature and improves the quality of Yeiang No. 2 berries.