烤烟种植用工趋势分析

Analysis of Labor Using Trend of Flue-cured Tobacco Planting

基于对1989年以来浏阳烤烟种植每个生产环节用工量的调查,通过对用工相关因素变化的分析得出,浏阳烟叶种植用工量在经历20世纪90年代初的显著增加并相对稳定阶段后,从21世纪初开始持续下降;烤烟种植技术模式的变化,以及机械化、规模化和专业化生产是影响浏阳烤烟种植用工量变化的主要因素。基于改变技术模式减少用工量的方法,可将烤烟种植用工类型分为通过技术方法改变减少型、利用天气减少用工型、使用药物减少用工型、以降低某一生产环节技术执行标准为代价减少用工量型。造成烤烟种植用工变化的原因,除了成本、价格因素外,还有深刻的社会和经济背景。未来,减工降本是烤烟生产的趋势,机械化、规模化和专业化生产是烤烟生产的主要发展方向,但在烤烟生产仍以手工操作为主的情况下,保持一定用工量仍然是目前烤烟种植保持较高质量的基础。

Based on the survey of labor consumption in each production link of Liuyang flue-cured tobacco planting since 1989,through the analysis of changes in labor-related factors,it was concluded that the labor force for tobacco planting in Liuyang experienced a significant increase and relatively stable stage in the early 1990s and continued to decline from the beginning of the 21st century;changes in flue-cured tobacco planting technology models,and the mechanization,large-scale and specialized production were the main factors affecting the change of labor demand for flue-cured tobacco planting in Liuyang.Based on the method of changing the technical model to reduce the amount of labor,the labor for flue-cured tobacco planting can be divided into four kinds of types such as the type of reduced labor through technical methods,the type of using weather to reduce labor,the type of using pesticides to reduce labor,and the type of lowering some technical implementation standards of a certain production link to reduce labor.Except for cost and price,social and economy background is also have great impact on flue-cured tobacco plating labor using.In the future,reducing labor and cost will be the trend of flue-cured tobacco production,and the mechanization,large-scale and professional production will be the main development directions of flue-cured tobacco production.However,as long as the manual operation is still the main production method,the basis of keeping high tobacco quality is still to keep certain range of labor using level.