古代西方医学中的食疗学

Discussion on Dietetics in Ancient Western Medicine

食物是人类赖以生存和维持生命活动最基本的物质条件,古代西方食疗学的历史悠久,其最早的文字记载来自于古希腊。通过文献搜集和整理,本文总结了古希腊医学时期、古罗马医学时期和中世纪医学时期代表医学家有关食疗学的论述和实践。研究发现,第一,希波克拉底提出的“四体液学说”是古代西方食疗学的主要指导思想,饮食疗法或食疗是保证四种体液平衡进而维护健康的的重要手段之一。第二,日常食物的合理搭配、饮食与季节相配合、饮食节制等是古代西方食疗学的重要指导原则。

Food is the most basic materials for human survival and life-sustaining activities.Ancient western dietetics has a long history,and its earliest written records come from the ancient Greek.Through exhaustive literature reviewing,this paper summarizes the descriptions and practices of western physicians on dietetics in the ancient Greek medicine period,the ancient Roman medicine period and the medieval medicine period.It’s found that,first,the"four-body fluid theory"proposed by Hippocrates is the main guiding ideology for ancient western dietetic therapy.Diet therapy is one of the important means to ensure the balance of four body fluids and maintain health.Secondly,the rational mix of daily food,coordination between diet and season,temperance in diet,etc.are important guiding principles of ancient western dietetics.