“国朝诗学迈前贤”:清代才媛诗歌繁荣的综合性考察

The Poetics of Gifted Female Poets Surpassing Their Predecessor:Comprehensive Investigation on Prosperity of Gifted Female Poetry in Qing Dynasty

清前中期才媛诗歌如雨后春笋般大规模涌现,无论在中国还是在世界文学史上都是令人瞩目的文化现象。本文结合当时的经济发展水平、历史文化积淀、家族社会关系等,对“国朝诗学迈前贤”的原因做了综合性考察。文章指出,明清时商品经济繁荣与印刷技术革新,为提高女性知识获取的可及性准备了条件;长江中下游特别是江南地区人文日新,带来了思想观念解放与文学思潮的流变;科举接力带来的文士在诗词歌赋等文学领域的退隐,与他们对才媛诗词所展现的思想情感与审美风格的认同,相互强化并推动了对才媛创作价值的认可;而才媛诗人对文本书写的承担和参与,对传播和延续所在家族的诗书门风起到了重要作用,她们在自身艰苦努力和同辈之间鼓励下,极大推动了清代才媛诗歌创作的繁荣。

It was a remarkable cultural phenomenon both in China and in the history of world literature that the gifted female poets sprang up on a large scale in the early and mid-Qing Dynasty.Based on the analysis of the economic development,historical and cultural accumulation,and family background and social relations at that time,this article makes a comprehensive investigation on the reason for prosperity of talented women’s writing poetry.The article points out that the development of the commodity economy and the innovation of printing technology in the Ming and Qing Dynasties paved the way for improving the accessibility of knowledge,and brought about the emancipation of ideas and the evolution of literary thought.The retreat of male scholars in literary fields such as poems and Song-Ci,and their recognition of emotion and aesthetic style displayed by gifted female poetry,mutually reinforced and promoted the value of women writers’works.Also,because their participation in text writing played an important role in carrying forward the good tradition of the family they belonging,gifted female poets’commitment and hard working in learning and practicing,as well as the encouragement among their peers,greatly promoted the prosperity of the poetry composing in Qing Dynasty.