小学生气质特征与家庭教养方式相关性调查分析

Investigation and Analysis on the Correlation between Temperament Characteristics of Primary School Students and Family Rearing Patterns

目的:了解小学生气质特征和家庭教养方式,促进所有小学生身心健康全面发展。方法:2018年1月—2019年6月,随机抽取六盘山连片特困区400名小学生及家长,调查了解小学生气质特征、家庭教养方式,进行相关性分析。结果:气质维度中适应性得分最高,活动水平、趋避性、情绪本质和坚持性等,男、女生存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。气质类型中构成比从大到小为中间偏易养型、易养型、中间偏难养型、启动缓慢型和难养型,差异无显著性(P>0.05)。小学生的适应性、趋避性、情绪本质和反应阈与父母亲情感温暖、理解存在正相关;与父母亲拒绝、否认,过分干涉、保护存在负相关。结论:父母亲应根据小学生气质特征选择适宜的家庭教养方式,促使小学生身心健康全面发展。

OBJECTIVE To understand the temperament characteristics and family rearing patterns of primary school students and to promote the overall development of physical and mental health of all primary school students.METHODS From January 2018 to June 2019,400 pupils and their parents were randomly selected from poverty-stricken areas in Liupan Mountain.RESULTS The adaptability score was the highest in temperament dimension,and there were significant differences between male and female students in activity level,tendency to avoid,nature of emotion and persistence(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the composition ratio of temperament types from big to small,which were easy to raise,easy to raise,difficult to raise,slow start and difficult to raise(P>0.05).The adaptability,avoidance,emotional nature and reaction threshold of pupils were positively correlated with parents’warmth and understanding,while they were negatively correlated with parents’rejection,denial,excessive interference and protection.CONCLUSION Parents’choice of suitable family rearing methods based on pupils’temperament characteristics could promote pupils’physical and mental health to develop in an all-round way.