长江三角洲地区农用地土壤重金属污染状况与防治建议

A Review on Heavy Metal Pollution of AgriculturalLand Soil in the Yangtze River Delta andRelevant Pollution Control Strategy

长江三角洲地区(简称长三角地区)是我国重要的工农业生产基地,关注该地区农用地土壤重金属污染状况对促进地区经济社会良性发展、保障生态环境安全具有重要意义。本文根据近20年发表的长三角地区农用地土壤重金属相关文献中的重金属含量数据,全面分析长三角不同区域农用地土壤典型重金属累积情况与污染状况,系统探究导致长三角地区农用地土壤重金属累积与污染的主要原因。分析发现,工业“三废”排放、交通运输、化肥、农药、农膜等的大量施用(使用),使得长三角地区农用地土壤中重金属Cd累积与污染情况最为严重,其次是Cu、Hg和Pb,而浙江台州和安徽铜陵分别存在Cd、Hg、Cu,Cd、Pb、Cu多种重金属复合污染问题。针对长三角地区农用地土壤重金属污染防治的迫切需求和主要污染成因,在农用地土壤重金属污染源头控制、农用地土壤重金属快速动态监测、农用地土壤分级管理、重金属污染农用地土壤修复新技术研发、农用地土壤污染防治立法等方面提出了相关防治建议,以期为改善长三角地区农用地土壤生态环境、促进优质高效农业的可持续发展提供参考。

The Yangtze River Delta is an important industrial and agricultural production base in China.It is significant to pay attention to the heavy metal pollution of agricultural land in the Yangtze River Delta for promoting the healthy development of social economy and for ensuring the safety of ecological environment in China.In this paper,the accumulation and pollution status of typical heavy metals in the agricultural land soil in different regions of the Yangtze River Delta were comprehensively analyzed and the main reasons for the pollution were systematically discussed,according to the heavy metal content data reported in relevant literatures published over the past 20 years. The analysis revealed that due to industrial “three wastes” emissions, transportation, and the extensive use offertilizers, pesticides, and agricultural films, Cd accumulation and pollution in the agricultural land soil of the entire Yangtze RiverDelta is the most serious, followed by Cu, Hg and Pb pollution;specifically, Taizhou (in Zhejiang Province) has a compound pollutionproblem of Cd, Hg, and Cu while Tongling (in Anhui Province) has a compound pollution problem of Cd, Pb, and Cu. To meet theurgent need for the prevention and control of heavy metal pollution in the Yangtze River Delta and considering the main causes ofpollution, some suggestions were proposed, including source control, rapid and dynamic monitoring, hierarchical management ofagricultural land, research and development of new technologies for soil remediation, and legislation on prevention and control ofagricultural land soil pollution. It is hoped that this research can provide a reference for improving the soil ecological environment inthe Yangtze River Delta and promoting the sustainable development of a high-quality and efficient agriculture.