线性文化遗产居民的感知价值与期望价值——以滇越铁路为例

Residents'Perceived and Expected Value of Linear Cultural Heritage:The Example of the Yunnan-Vietnam Railway

通过提取问卷数据,建立数据库,利用描述统计频率、因子分析、数据比较等方法,对滇越铁路沿线碧色寨、芷村、人字桥等6个重要站点的居民进行了文化遗产感知价值与期望价值的调查。结果发现,沿线居民对滇越铁路的地方认同感主要体现在功能转向、价值再现和旅游发展方面,沿线居民的感知价值与期望价值具有同一性,但也存在明显的分异性。滇越铁路承载着当地居民强烈的地方认同感和文化认同感,铁路沿线居民对滇越铁路文化遗产价值给予了一致性肯定,并对其未来功能转向、价值再现和旅游发展抱有乐观和支持的态度。受访者普遍认为,滇越铁路的整体利用不等于全线开发,应当重点打造资源条件和旅游基础较好的区段,主题要统一于整条铁路的文化和样貌,可联合越南申报世界文化遗产,并适时开通国际旅游观光线路。

The protection,activation,and utilization of the cultural heritage has attracted increasing attention from the international community.Cultural heritage is an important carrier for inhabitants to promote their local identity and express the emotions and geographical memory of local communities.The Linear Cultural Heritage Yunnan-Vietnam Railway,which once played an important historical role,is at the critical point between decline and revival.With its traffic and economic function declining daily,its heritage value is gradually being manifested in people's nostalgic mood and emotional recall.By investigating residents'perceived and expected value of the cultural heritage at several important stations along the Yunnan-Vietnam Railway,this paper explores the realistic basis of value reconstruction and excavates the multiple values of the Yunnan-Vietnam Railway,which can contribute to the scientific protection and sustainable utilization of the linear cultural heritage of the Yunnan-Vietnam Railway.The survey covers such issues as the economy,transportation,culture,society,ecology,tourism,spiritual attribution,local identity,and international contacts.By comparing the data collected using the Richter scale,the paper explores the differences between the twelve common factors of perceived value and expected value.It was found that the local identity of the residents along the Yunnan-Vietnam Railway is mainly reflected in the functional turn,value reproduction,and tourism development;the perceived value and expected value of the residents along the railway are identical,and there are obvious differences,which are embodied in five aspects:frontier stability,economic development,international trade,ecological environment and national integration.The research concludes that:First,the residents along the railway consistently affirm the cultural heritage value of the Yunnan-Vietnam Railway,expressing an optimistic and supportive attitude toward its future functional turn,value reproduction,and tourism development.Second,the Yunnan-Vietnam Railway is a common element of the local memories of residents along the line,the source and symbol of their common cultural and local identities.The protection and utilization of the Yunnan-Vietnam Railway is a continuation of the local context that will greatly enhance the national spirit.Finally,the residents have different expectations for the future development of the railway.The overall utilization of the Yunnan-Vietnam Railway is not equal to sustaining the development of the whole railway.Attention should thus be focused on the sections with better resource conditions and foundations for tourism.The theme of the whole railway should be unified,and an international tourism route can be opened jointly with Vietnam at an appropriate time.