城市混合交通共享街道驾驶行为及行人过街安全研究

Analysis of Driving Behaviors and Pedestrian Crossing Safety on Urban Roadway with Mixed Traffic Flow

为探究城市混合交通共享街道使用者微观行为特性及行人过街风险,采集了武汉市光谷步行街不同时段的视频数据,提取共享街道中车辆(包含小汽车、电动车和自行车)及行人的速度、位置及后侵占时间(PET)等信息,对高、低流量时段的各种类型车辆与行人的冲突率进行分析并对其行驶速度进行描述性统计和独立样本t检验,分析不同流量下的共享街道中各种类型车辆的速度空间特性及其对行人过街的安全影响。结果表明,车辆在进入共享街道后其速度呈先下降后上升的趋势,在高流量时段电动车、自行车速度(电动车:M=3.8 m/s;自行车:M=1.9 m/s)及危险冲突率(电动车:29.0%;自行车:28.7%)均比小汽车的速度(M=2.9 m/s)及危险冲突率(8.1%)高;在低流量时段电动车及自行车的速度及危险冲突率仍比小汽车高。其中,无论高流量时段还是低流量时段,电动车的整体速度分布及危险冲突累计频率都是最高的,其低流量时段的危险冲突累计频率高达80.4%。不同类型车辆的速度在高流量和低流量共享街道上都呈显著性差异,且低流量时段小汽车、电动车和自行车的危险冲突累计频率均比高流量时的危险冲突累计频率高。经结果分析可知,在共享街道中电动车和自行车较易与行人发生碰撞,尤其是电动车,且低流量时段相对与高流量时段行人过街的风险较高。

In order to study characteristics of vehicles and crossing risks of pedestrians on shared urban roadway with mixed traffic flow,vehicle and pedestrian movements in different time intervals of a day on a walking street close to the Wuhan Optical Valley Square is collected from video data.The speed,position,and post-encroachment time(PET)of the automobiles,electronic motorcycles,bicycles,and pedestrians using the shared roadway are extracted and analyzed.Descriptive statistics and independent sample t-test are carried out for different types of vehicles under the low-volume and high-volume scenarios.The results show that the speed of electric motorcycles and bicycles(electric motorcycles:M=3.8 m/s;bicycles:M=1.9 m/s)and the dangerous conflict rate(electric vehicles:29.0%;bicycles:28.7%)are all higher than those of automobiles during the high-volume scenario.The speed(M=2.9 m/s)and the dangerous conflict rate(8.1%)are high;the speed and dangerous conflict rate of electric motorcycles and bicycles are still higher than that of automobiles during the low-volume scenario.Theoverall speeddistribution of electricmotor cycles and the cumulative percentage of dangerous conflicts are the highest in both high-volume scenario and low-volume scenario.The cumulative percentage of dangerous conflicts in the low-volume scenario is as high as 80.4%.The speed of automobiles,electric motorcycles,and bicycle is significantly different,and the cumulative percentage of dangerous conflicts of automobiles,electric motorcycles and bicycle in the low-volume scenario is higher than that of the high-volume.Therefore,it can be concluded that,in urban roadway with mixed traffic flow,electric motorcycles and bicycles are more likely to collide with pedestrians,especially electric vehicles.Compare with the high-traffic scenario,the risk of pedestrians crossing the street under the low-traffic scenario is relatively high.