基于Z归一法的元音发音部位比较——以彝语、藏语、汉语普通话元音为例

A Comparison of Places of Articulation of Vowels Based on Z-Normalization:A Research on Yi,Tibetan and Mandarin Chinese Vowels

基于文献对汉语普通话、少数民族语言、英语元音的三个共振峰F1、F2、F3的相对关系研究显示,元音Z归一法是元音归一化的理想方法,即:Z1=log F2/log F1、Z2=log F3/log F2保持着稳定的关系,其标准差与平均值之比在3%左右,不同发音人Z值的波动幅度在2%左右。Z归一法可用于比较不同语言元音声学空间的异同以及距离,作为语音演化和比较分析的量化依据。应用Z归一法对三个元音a、i、u的研究显示,藏语和彝语较接近,与汉语普通话的区别较大。

The paper examines previous studies on the relations of F1,F2 and F3 of vowels in Mandarin Chinese,some minority languages and English,and proposes an efficient vowel normalization model.Results prove that vowel formants keep stable relations of Logarithmic Quotient(Z-value,Z1=log F2/log F1,Z2=log F3/log F2).In terms of Z-values of vowels in one language,the ratio of standard deviation to average deviation keeps below 3%for most vowels,and the varying scope keeps below 2%for different speakers,both taking a lead in the vowel normalization field.Z-normalization can be used to compare the differences and distances in the acoustic space of vowels in different languages,for the purpose of serving as quantification basis for sound evolution and comparative analysis.Employing Z-normalization,this paper demonstrates that,in terms of vowel acoustic patterns and variations of the three vowels/a/,/i/and/u/,Tibetan and Yi are more closely related while they are both quite distant from Mandarin Chinese.