压力传递与政策执行波动——以A省X产业政策执行为例

Pressure Transmission and Change of Policy Implementation:A Case Study of the Implementation of X Industrial Policy in A Province

目标考核责任制是国家治理体系的重要组成部分,它通过层层下达考核目标并强化官员的激励和压力来保障政策的执行。在官员激励受到削弱的情况下,地方政府日益依靠自上而下的压力驱动。A省X产业政策执行的案例说明,如何传递压力是影响政策执行及其波动的重要因素。政策优先度、量化程度和执行监控机制等构成了政策执行的结构性约束,塑造不同的压力强度并导致政策执行的不同效力。但在结构性约束不变的情况下,压力的强度也并不稳定和确定。传递压力的不同微观机制,即对压力的不同传达、激发、把控和拿捏,甚至不同官员的工作能力、经验和偏好,都会对压力的传递产生影响,使得政策执行处于波动中。压力传递的方式和力度与制造压力的结构性约束同样重要。

Target responsibility system is an important part of the governance system in China. It guarantees the implementation of policies by issuing assessment targets at different levels and strengthening the incentive and pressure of officials. With official incentives weakened,local governments are increasingly driven by top-down pressure. Taking the implementation of X industrial policy in A province as an example,this paper believes that how to transmit pressure is an important factor affecting the implementation of policy and its fluctuation. Policy priority,quantification of the assessment target,and agent monitoring mechanism constitutes the structural constraints of policy implementation,created the differences of the pressure intensity and lead to the different effectiveness of policy implementation,and,on the basis of the structural constraints,the intensity of pressure is not stable and sure,different ways of conveying,controlling and balancing pressure,and even different officials’ working ability,experience and preference,will have an effect on pressure transmission which make the effect policy implementation changing from time to time. It can be argued that the manner and force with which pressure is transmitted is as important as the structural constraints that create it.