广州市居民2017—2018年健康素养水平潜在类别分析

Latent class analysis of health literacy level among residents in Guangzhou from 2017 to 2018

目的了解近年来广州市居民健康素养水平及其变化趋势,为制定有效的干预措施及政策提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,于2017年抽取4142名18~69岁广州市常住居民,2018年抽取4164名18~69岁广州市常住居民,进行健康素养调查。使用两样本潜在类别分析法对两年的居民健康素养情况进行分析,计数资料使用χ2检验。结果广州市居民2017—2018年健康素养总体水平分别为22.60%和25.38%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。经潜在类别分析后居民分成两个亚组人群,健康素养水平低的亚组人群年龄分布集中在40岁以后,文化程度初中占比最高,六类健康素养水平均较低。健康素养水平高的亚组人群年龄分布集中在30~39岁,文化程度大学本科占比最高,六类健康素养水平均较高。结论不同特征人群健康素养水平不同,应针对健康素养水平低的人群特点开展适合的健康教育活动。

Objective To understand the health literacy level and its changing trend among the residents in Guangzhou in recent years,so as to provide scientific evidence for developing appropriate intervention measures and policies.Methods The multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling method was used,a total of 4142 residents in 2017 and 4164 residents in 2018 from 18 to 69 years old were investigated with a questionnaire of health literacy.The method of latent class analysis was used to analyze the status of health literacy of the residents in two years,chi-square test was used for counting data.Results The total health literacy rate was 22.60%in 2017 and 25.38%in 2018 in Guangzhou,and the difference in two years was statistically significant(P<0.05);the residents were divided into two subgroups by latent class analysis,among the subgroup with a low health literacy level,the age was concentrated after 40 years old,with the highest proportion of education degree was junior high school education,and the health literacy levels of six categories were all low;among the subgroup with a high health literacy level,the age was concentrated at 30-39 years old,with the highest proportion of education degree was bachelor degree,and the health literacy levels of six categories were all high.Conclusion People with different characteristics have different health literacy level,it is necessary to carry out appropriate health education activities according to the characteristics of people with low health literacy level.