适龄儿童家长对水痘疫苗接种认知程度及影响因素分析

Analysis on cognitive attitude towards varicella vaccination and influencing factors among parents with right-age children

目的通过分析南海区儿童家长对水痘疫苗的认知程度及其影响因素,为推行两剂次水痘疫苗免疫策略提供参考依据。方法2017年采用多阶段随机抽样的方法,选择佛山市南海区若干镇(街)的652位3~10周岁儿童家长进行面对面的问卷调查。结果南海区儿童水痘疫苗接种率为76.38%。单因素分析结果显示,儿童年龄、家长、父母文化程度、儿童水痘患病史、家长能接受的疫苗价格以及家长是否从各种途径获取疫苗信息是儿童疫苗接种率的影响因素。多因素Logistic回归结果显示,儿童年龄、家长、母亲文化程度,是否经接种点、医务人员、电视/电台/报纸等途径获取疫苗信息与儿童接种率的关联差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论儿童年龄、家长、母亲文化程度,是否经接种点、医务人员、电视/电台/报纸等途径获取疫苗信息是儿童水痘疫苗接种率的影响因素。建议将水痘疫苗纳入国家免疫规划,并利用多种宣传方式,有针对性地对重点年龄段儿童家长进行相关知识宣教。

Objective To analyze the cognitive attitude and influencing factors of varicella vaccine among children’s parents in Nanhai District,so as to provide reference for the implementation of the two-doses varicella vaccine immunization strategy.Methods In 2017,a multi-stage random sampling method was used to conduct a face-to-face questionnaire survey on 652 parents with children aged 3-10 years from several towns(streets)in Nanhai District,Foshan City.Results The vaccination rate of varicella vaccine for children was 76.38%in Nanhai District.The results of univariate analysis indicated that age of children,parents of children,education level of parents,varicella history of children,vaccine price acceptable to parents,and whether parents could obtain vaccine information from various sources were the influencing factors of children’s vaccination rate.The results of multivariate logistic regression showed that there were significant differences with the correlation between age of children,parents of children,mother’s education level,whether obtained the vaccine information from vaccination sites,medical staff,TV/radio/newspapers and other channels and the vaccination rate of children(P<0.05).Conclusion Age of children,parents of children,mother’s education level,whether obtained the vaccine information from vaccination sites,medical staff and TV/radio/newspapers are the influencing factors of children’s vaccination rate.It is recommended that varicella vaccine should be included in the national immunization program,and various forms of publicity methods can be used to carry out targeted knowledge education among parents with children in key ages.