2017年哈尔滨市某中学流感暴发疫情分析

Analysis of influenza outbreak in a middle school in Harbin in 2017

目的分析哈尔滨市某中学流感暴发疫情的流行病学特征,采取相应的预防和控制措施。方法采用描述性分析和χ2检验方法,对该校流感暴发疫情资料进行分析。结果该校在校教职工75人,在册学生1138人。2017年流感暴发疫情中流感样病例人数为62人,均为学生,罹患率为5.11%。各楼层病例罹患率差异有统计学意义(χ2=607.44,P<0.05),三楼病例罹患率高于一楼(χ2=10.93,P<0.01)和二楼(χ2=9.86,P<0.01)。采集流感样病例患者咽拭子标本10份,以RT-PCR法检测呼吸道标本进行流感病毒核酸检测,结果为阳性,病毒分离为流感病毒H3N2亚型。结论此次流感暴发疫情由H3N2型流感病毒引起。秋冬季为流感高发季节,教育部门应与卫生部门密切配合,发现疫情做到早报告、早隔离、早治疗,有效控制传染病在学校的发生和流行。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of influenza outbreak in a middle school in Harbin,and to take corresponding prevention and control measures.Methods Descriptive epidemiology and Chi-square test were used to analyze the data of influenza outbreak in the school.Results There were 75 teaching and adminitrative staff and 1138 registered students in the school.The number of influenza-like cases in this influenza outbreak in 2017 was 62,all of which were students,with an attack rate of 5.11%.There was statistical difference in the attack rate of cases on each floor(χ~2=607.44,P<0.05),the attack rate of cases on the third floor was higher than that on the first floor(χ~2=10.93,P<0.01)and the second floor(χ~2=9.86,P<0.01).Ten throat swab specimens from the patients with influenza-like illness were collected,and respiratory tract specimens were detected by RT-PCR for influenza virus nucleic acid detection,and the results were positive.The virus was isolated as influenza virus H3 N2 subtype.Conclusion This outbreak of influenza is caused by H3 N2 influenza virus.Autumn and winter are the seasons of high incidence of influenza.Education departments should cooperate closely with health departments to find out the epidemic situation and implement early reporting,early isolation and early treatment so as to effectively control the occurrence and prevalence of infectious diseases in schools.