2006—2018年北京市西城区5岁以下儿童死亡监测分析

Analysis of monitoring results of death of children under 5 years old from 2006 to 2018 in Xicheng District,Beijing City

目的了解北京市西城区5岁以下儿童死亡原因、死亡年龄的变化情况,探讨5岁以下儿童死亡相关因素,制定相应的干预措施。方法对2006—2018年北京市西城区5岁以下儿童死亡监测资料进行分析。结果2006—2018年西城区新生儿死亡率(NMR)、婴儿死亡率(IMR)和5岁以下儿童死亡率(U5MR)总体呈下降趋势(P<0.05),年平均下降率分别为5.28%、3.97%和3.59%,其中NMR下降速度最快。男童死亡率高于女童。流动户籍儿童高于本地户籍儿童死亡率。5岁以下儿童死因顺位由前5年的先天性心脏病和出生窒息、早产低出生体重和其他先天异常变化为近5年的早产低出生体重、其他先天异常、先天性心脏病、出生窒息。结论加强流动儿童管理,加强围产期保健,提高产前筛查诊断技术,提高新生儿复苏技术是降低5岁以下儿童死亡率的关键。

Objective To understand the causes of death of children under 5 years old in Xicheng District and the changes in the age of death,to explore the related factors of death in children under 5 years old,and to formulate corresponding interventions.Methods Analyzing the monitoring data of death of children under 5 years old in Xicheng District,Beijing from 2006 to 2018.Results Neonatal mortality(NMR),infant mortality rate(IMR)and children under 5 years old of five mortality rate(U5MR)were in a downward trend overall in Xicheng District from 2006 to 2018(P<0.05),average annual decline rate was 5.28%,3.97%and 3.59%respectively,in which the NMR dropped fastest.Boy’s mortality rate was higher than that of girl’s.The mortality rate of child with mobile household registration was higher than that of the child with the local household registration.The causes of death in children under 5 years old due to congenital heart,birth asphyxia,premature birth weight and other ongenital abnormalities were changed to premature low birth weight,oth⁃er congenital normalities,congenital heart and birth asphyxia in recent 5 years.Conclusion Strengthening the manage⁃ment of migrant children,strengthening the perinatal care,improving prenatal screening diagnostic techniques and im⁃proving neonatal recovery techniques are key to reducing mortality rate of child under 5 years old.