新疆牧区人群高血压患病率、知晓率、治疗率、控制率、影响因素和降压药物处方模式的分析

Analysis on the prevalence,awareness,treatment,control rate,influencing factors and prescription pattern of antihypertensive drugs in Xinjiang pastoral area

目的调查新疆牧区人群高血压患病率、知晓率、治疗率、控制率以及相关影响因素,并分析高血压患者降压处方模式。方法采用多阶段随机抽样的方法于2018年抽取牧区托里县≥18岁人群。运用统一的问卷收集相关人口学资料及高血压病史。高血压定义为收缩压/舒张压≥140/90mmHg,和/或既往已明确诊断的高血压,和/或近两周正在服用降压药物。结果共纳入3869例调查对象,应答率为94.4%。平均年龄为43.76±13.50岁,女性占52.4%,哈萨克族占79.9%,超重肥胖占61.1%。人群平均收缩压和舒张压分别为126.74mmHg和79.34mmHg。高血压的患病率、知晓率、治疗率、控制率、知晓的治疗率和治疗的控制率分别为33.4%、56.5%、41.1%、16.7%、72.8%及33.0%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示男性、中老年、哈萨克族、低文化水平、超重/肥胖、饮酒及脂质代谢紊乱是高血压的危险因素。高血压患者降压处方模式分析提示87.1%的患者为单药降压治疗。结论新疆牧区人群高血压的患病率较高,而知晓率、治疗率和控制率较低。控制危险因素以及提高牧区医疗人员的高血压防控能力可能是牧区高血压防控的关键措施。

Objective To investigate the prevalence rate,awareness rate,treatment rate,control rate and related influencing factors of hypertension in Xinjiang pastoral areas,and analyze the antihypertensive prescription mode of hypertensive patients.Methods A multi-stage random sampling method was used to select the population aged over 18 in Tuoli County of pastoral area in 2018.Demographic data and history of hypertension were collected by unified questionnaire.Hypertension was defined as systolic/diastolic blood pressure≥140/90 mm Hg,and/or hypertension diagnosed previously,and/or taking antihypertensive drugs in the past two weeks.Results A total of3869 subjects were included,and the response rate was 94.4%.The average age was 43.76±13.50 years old,female accounted for 52.4%,Kazakh accounted for 79.9%,overweight and obesity accounted for 61.1%.The average systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were 126.74 mmhg and 79.34 mmhg,respectively.The prevalence rate,awareness rate,treatment rate,control rate,awareness treatment rate and treatment control rate of hypertension were 33.4%,56.5%,41.1%,16.7%,72.8%and 33.0%,respectively.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that male,middle-aged and elderly,Kazakh,low education level,overweight/obesity,drinking and lipid metabolism disorder were risk factors of hypertension.The analysis of antihypertensive prescription pattern showed that 87.1%of patients were treated with single drug.Conclusions The prevalence of hypertension is high in Xinjiang pastoral areas,but the awareness rate,treatment rate and control rate are low.Controlling risk factors and improving the ability of medical staff to prevent and control hypertension may be the key measures for the prevention and control of hypertension in pastoral areas.