中国国际商事法庭制度改革探析

Research on the Reform of the International Commercial Court of China

中国国际商事法庭自设立以来,因其国际视野和重要战略定位,得到各界高度关注。与国外同类机构一样,如何通过优化审判职能,完善审理机制,塑造成为国内外当事人解决纠纷的优先选择,是国际商事法庭必须认真对待的制度性问题。通过对新加坡国际商事法庭、迪拜国际金融中心法院、卡塔尔金融中心民商事法院等新兴国际商事法院(庭)进行比较研究,提出以下制度创新改革设想:一是完善管辖制度,现阶段可增加规定构成“实际联系”的情形,并探索构建离岸诉讼管辖规则。二是探索多元化法官制度,现阶段可探索聘请中国籍香港法官参与审判,下一步可考虑引入外籍法官,提升国际商事法庭的吸引力与竞争力。三是优化审级制度,在最高人民法院直接受理案件的基础上,增设内部上诉机制,同时设置合理的上诉条件,实现公平与效率的平衡。

The International Commercial Court of China has attracted great attention worldwide since its establishment because of its international vision and important strategic orientation.Like other similar foreign institutions,it is of great significance that the International Commercial Court of China shall devote to optimizing judicial functions,improving judicial mechanisms,and thus turning out to be the preferred choice for domestic and foreign parties to resolve disputes.This article makes a comparative study of foreign international commercial courts such as Singapore International Commercial Court,Dubai International Financial Centre Courts,Civil and Commercial Court of the Qatar Financial Centre,and puts forward the following reform ideas:The first suggestion is to improve the jurisdiction system,including incorporating circumstances of actual connection and setting up offshore litigation jurisdiction rules.The second suggestion is to explore the diversified judge system.At present,Hong Kong Judges of Chinese nationality can be invited to participate in the trial.Gradually,foreign judges can also be introduced to enhance the attractiveness and competitiveness of the International Commercial Court.Thirdly,the trial system should be optimized.An internal appellate mechanism should be added,and reasonable appellate conditions should be established to strike a balance between fairness and efficiency.