广东省揭阳市2016—2020年外环境禽流感病毒监测

Surveillance of avian influenza virus in external environment in Jieyang, Guangdong, 2016-2020

目的了解揭阳市外环境禽流感病毒动态分布情况和流行特点,评估人感染禽流感病毒的风险,为人禽流感防控提供科学依据。方法按随机抽样的方法,对揭阳市2016—2020年5个县(市、区)禽类市场进行相关标本采集,用实时荧光定量(RT-PCR)对标本进行流感病毒A型检测,阳性标本再进行H5N6、H7N9、H9N2亚型禽流感病毒核酸检测。结果揭阳市2016—2020年共采集外环境标本1 798份,甲型流感病毒(FluA)阳性标本660份,阳性率为36.71%;其中H5N6、H7N9、H9N2亚型阳性率分别为1.61%、1.28%和21.91%。普宁市和惠来县的外环境禽流感病毒阳性率较高,分别为54.14%和51.43%。揭西县的外环境禽流感病毒阳性率最低,为4.84%。不同类型标本检测阳性率最高为清洗禽类污水(47.09%)。结论揭阳市禽类市场外环境中存在H5N6、H7N9、H9N2及多种亚型混合的禽流感病毒污染,禽流感病毒流行区域较广,存在感染人的风险,应继续加强外环境禽流感实时监测和城乡禽类市场卫生监管。

Objective To understand the dynamic distribution and epidemic characteristics of avian influenza virus inexternal environment in Jieyang, assess the risk of human infection with avian influenza,and we provide scientific basis forprevention and control of human avian influenza.MethodsAccording to the random sampling method, relevant specimenswere collected from poultry markets in 5 counties(county-level cities and districts) in Jieyang, 2016-2020. Real-timefluorescence quantitative RT-PCR method was used to detect the nucleic acid of influenza virus Type A. Positive specimenswere then tested for the nucleic acid of H5 N6, H7 N9 and H9 N2 subtypes of avian influenza virus.ResultsFrom 2016 to2020, a total of 1 798 environmental samples were collected, of which 660 samples were positive for influenza A virus(Flu A),with a positive rate of 36.71%. The positive rates of H5 N6, H7 N9 and H9 N2 subtypes were 1.61%, 1.28% and 21.91%,respectively. The positive rate of avian influenza virus was higher in Puning county-level city(54.14%) and Huilai county(51.43%), and lowest in Jiexi county(4.84%). The highest positive rate of different types of samples(47.09%) was the washingof poultry sewage.ConclusionThere are H5 N6, H7 N9, H9 N2 and various subtypes of avian influenza virus contamination inexternal environment of poultry markets in Jieyang. The avian influenza virus has a wide epidemic area and there is a risk ofhuman infection. It is necessary to continue to strengthen the real-time monitoring of avian influenza in external environmentand the health supervision of urban and rural poultry market.