如何倾听来自“伦理”的文化天籁

How to Hear the Cultural Heavenly Sound of Lunli

每个民族都有一些携带自身生命密码的基本话语,在文明对话和文明冲突的双重背景下,也许没有任何学术努力比对这些基本话语的相互倾听和彼此理解更重要而急迫,“伦理”,就是中国文化最重要的基本话语之一。倾听来自伦理的文化天籁,人类必须进化出一只探测爱因斯坦引力波的“大耳朵”,藉此倾听来自本土与世界、传统与现代诸文明维度的文化天籁。具体地说,必须进行三大哲学辩证或哲学追问:中国文化“最崇高的概念”是什么?“伦理”=“ethic”?“伦理”,到底是一种意识形态,还是一种文化形态和文明形态?中国文化“最崇高的概念”,不仅有金岳霖先生所说的“道”,而且还有“伦”,“道”与“伦”是中国文化的一对染色体;“伦理”≠“ethic”,当用“ethic”诠释“伦理”,或将“伦理”当作“ethic”时,不可避免的结果就是:信息流失,价值异化;在中国文明体系中,伦理不只是意识的一种形态,而且是一种文化形态和文明形态,即所谓伦理型文化形态或礼义之邦的伦理文明。必须在知识考古与义理分析、文化选择、重大文明事件、重大民族节日的四维坐标中,才能倾听来自“伦理”的文化天籁。

Every nation has its basic discourses that carry its own code of life. Against the background of civilization dialogue coexisting with civilization conflict, perhaps no academic effort is more important and urgent than listening to and understanding these basic discourses. Lunli 伦理( which is usually mistakenly regarded as the Chinese equivalent of ethic) is one of the most important basic discourses of Chinese culture. In order to hear the cultural heavenly sound of lunli,human beings must evolve a "big ear"which is as powerful as being able to detect Einstein’s gravitational waves and by which we can hear the cultural heavenly sounds from the civilizations at the local,global,traditional,and modern dimensions. To be specific,it is necessary to philosophically examine or answer the following three questions: What is the supreme concept cherished by the Chinese culture? Is lunli equivalent to ethics? Is lunli a type of ideology or a form of culture and civilization? The answer to the first question is that the supreme concept of the Chinese culture includes not only dao 道( literally the way) discussed by Jin Yuelin but also lun 伦( approximately the human order) : dao and lun are two chromosomes of the cell of Chinese culture. As for the second question,lunli is not a notion equivalent to ethic: whether ethic is used to interpret lunli or lunli is regarded as equivalent to ethic,an inevitable consequence is that much information is missing and the values embodied in the concept of lunli is alienated. The answer to the third question is that lunli is not only a form of ideology but a form of culture and civilization as well,hence the so-called lunli-based form of culture or a lunli-based civilization of a nation cherishing rites and justice. Only in the four-dimensional coordinates constituted by knowledge archaeology and semantic analysis,cultural choices,major events influencing the development of a civilization,and major national festivals can we hear the cultural heavenly sounds of lunli.