教育功利性取向的德性反思

A Moral Reflection on the Utilitarian Orientation of Education

作为培养人的活动,教育的根本宗旨在于丰富人性、培育德性、发展理性,实现学生作为人的社会本质、文化本质和精神本质,“育人”是教育的第一价值。但在现实的教育过程中,教育一方面成为个人获得“私人利益”的竞争平台,另一方面又成为兼具工具性和功利性的“社会工程”,教育工具价值淹没了本体价值。教育本体价值的失落,导致教育中道德的消退,受教育者的心灵的侵蚀,也弱化了教师的育人责任,虚化了教育的德性。要培养出表里如一、求真拒伪的个体,需审视教育功利性价值取向,揭示工具理性宰制教育所带来的问题,进一步从人类命运共同体高度,从人文主义的道德价值维度反思教育,重建教育价值观念,重组教育的结构和功能,重构教育评价的标准和思路。

As an activity of cultivating people,the fundamental purpose of education is to enrich human nature,cultivate morality,develop rationality,and help students develop their nature as human beings at social,cultural and spiritual levels. This is the first value of education. However,in the actual education process,education on the one hand becomes a competitive platform for individuals to obtain "personal benefits",and on the other hand,it has become a "social project"characterized by both instrumental and utilitarian purposes. The instrumental value of education has to some extent outweighed its ontological value. The loss of the intrinsic value of education has led to the erosion of morality in education and the erosion of the soul of the educated. It has also weakened the teacher’s responsibility for educating people and the morality of education. In order to cultivate individuals whose actions agree with their words and who are determined to seek truth and reject falsehoods,it is necessary to examine the utilitarian value orientation of education;to reveal the problems brought about by the instrumental rationality dominating education;to further reflect on education from the perspectives of building a community with shared future for mankind and of the moral value dimension of humanism;and to rebuild educational values,reorganize the structure and function of education,and reconstruct the standards and framework of education evaluation.