美国推进WTO贸易规则改革的双重路径选择及中国的应对

The Dual-Path Choices of the U.S. to Promote the Reform of WTO Trade Rules and China’s Response

美国推进贸易规则改革的本质是构建以美国为中心的贸易新格局,以美国利益优先为核心的贸易新规则,根本原因在于美国的经济霸权地位陷入"结构性衰弱"。为推动国际贸易规则变革,美国采取了"体制外+体制内"双重路径的战略布局:一是体制外路径采取"渐进改革"方式,建立"双边多元"体制,重定未来贸易规则新蓝本;二是体制内路径采取"激进改革"方式,通过"无差别WTO"框架的颠覆性构建,取消发展中经济体的"特殊与差别待遇",为新蓝本上升至多边贸易规则创造必要条件。面对这一变革,中国需把握改革方向、防范改革风险,推进WTO机构关键领域的改革,在自贸区推进"无差别WTO"压力测试,落实国际贸易新规则的国内本土化;同时,坚持创新驱动发展,探索与美国和睦相处的产业布局,塑造导向性和功能性的产业政策。

The essence of the U.S.trade rule reform is to build a new trade pattern centered on the U.S.and a new trade rule centered on the US interests first.The root cause is America’s"structural weakness"in its economic hegemony.To promote the reform of international trade rules,the United States has adopted the strategic layout of the dual paths of"outside the system+inside the system".One is the"gradual reform"outside the system to establish a"pluralistic bilateral"system and re-establish a new blueprint for future trade rules.The other is the"radical reform"within the system.Through the subversive construction of the"undifferentiated WTO"framework,the"special and differential treatment"of developing economies is abolished.Facing this change,China needs to grasp the direction of reform,guard against reform risks,promote reforms in key areas of the WTO institutes,promote the"undifferentiated WTO"stress test in the free trade zone,and implement domestic localization of the new rules of international trade.At the same time,China also needs to persist in innovation-driven development,explore an industrial layout in harmony with the United States,and shape an orientation-leading and functional industrial policy.