限制盐分饮食联合有氧运动对高血压合并糖尿病患者心血管病发病的影响分析

Analysis of the influence of salt intake restriction diet combined with aerobic exercise on cardiovascular disease in patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus

目的分析限制盐分饮食联合有氧运动对高血压合并糖尿病患者心血管病发病的影响。方法选取2019年1月至2019年10月首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院京西院区收治的100例高血压合并糖尿病患者为研究对象,将其随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各50例,两组患者均行常规治疗,在此基础上,观察组患者采取限制盐分饮食联合有氧运动干预。比较两组患者干预1年内心血管病发生情况,以及干预前后尿液、血液检测指标水平和血压变化。结果两组患者均获得有效随访,随访时间为12~18个月,中位随访时间为14个月。观察组患者干预1年内心血管病发生率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组患者干预1年后尿钠、尿白蛋白、空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、糖化血红蛋白、收缩压、舒张压、平均动脉压均显著低于本组干预前和对照组同期(均P<0.05)。结论限制盐分饮食联合有氧运动有助于控制高血压合并糖尿病患者的血压、血糖水平,从而降低心血管病发病风险。

Objective To analyze the influence of salt intake restriction diet combined with aerobic exercise on cardiovascular disease in patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus.Method From January 2019 to October 2019,100 patients with hypertension complicated with diabetes mellitus were admitted to Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University were selected and randomly divided into observation group and control group,50 cases in each group.Patients in the two groups were treated with conventional treatment,on this basis,patients in observation group received salt intake restriction diet combined with aerobic exercise.The incidence of cardiovascular disease,urine,blood test indexes and blood pressure before and after intervention were compared between the two groups.Result Patients in the two groups were followed up for 12~18 months with a median of 14 months.Within 1 year after intervention,the incidence of cardiovascular disease in observation group was significantly lower than that in control group(P<0.05).One year after intervention,the urinary sodium,urinary albumin,fasting blood glucose,2 h postprandial blood glucose,glycosylated hemoglobin,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure in observation group were lower than those before intervention and control group at the same period(all P<0.05).Conclusion Salt intake restriction diet combined with aerobic exercise is helpful to control blood pressure and blood glucose levels in patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus,thus reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease.