考虑建筑热惯性的园区代理商电价策略及用能优化

Electricity Pricing Strategy of Park Retailer and Energy Optimization Considering Thermal Inertia of Building

随着零售电力市场的逐步开放,代理商将在工业园区的用电管理中扮演越来越重要的角色。合理设计定价策略,增加代理商利润,同时有效降低园区用户空调系统用电费用,是重要的运营问题。为此,文中提出一种考虑建筑热惯性的代理商-用户主从博弈电价双层优化模型。上层以代理商利润最大为目标,依据用户反馈的用电策略,决定代理商向电网购、售电的策略,以及面向园区用户的定价策略;下层以用户购电费用最小为目标,基于代理商定价策略,充分利用建筑热惯性,优化用户空调系统用电策略。该双层模型是相互嵌套的非线性规划问题。应用KKT(Karush-Kuhn-Tucker)条件、强对偶定理及线性松弛技术,将模型转化为可利用商业求解器YALMIP/CPLEX求解的混合整数线性规划模型。最后,以中国广东某工业园区为例验证所提模型和方法的有效性。算例结果表明,在主从博弈模型中充分利用建筑热惯性,能够有效地减小用户空调系统运行费用,并可增加代理商利润。

With the gradual opening up of the retail electricity market,retailers will play increasingly important roles in power management of industrial parks.It is an important operation problem to design an appropriate pricing strategy,so as to increase the profit of the retailer and effectively reduce the power consumption cost of the customers'air conditioning system.Therefore,this paper proposes a bi-level optimization model of Stackelberg game between the retailer and the customers considering thermal inertia of buildings.The upper level of the model aims at maximizing the retailer's benefit based on the power consumption strategies given by the customers,and makes decisions on the strategies of the purchases from and the sales to the power grid,as well as the sales pricing strategy in the industrial park.Based on the retailer's pricing strategy,the lower level of the model takes the minimum power cost as the objective and makes full use of the building thermal inertia to optimize the power consumption strategy of the customer air conditioning system.The mutual nesting bi-level model is a nonlinear programming problem.So the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker(KKT)condition,duality theorem and linear relaxation technique are applied to transform the model into a mixed-integer linear programming model which can be solved by the commercial solver YALMIP/CPLEX.Finally,an industrial park in Guangdong Province of China is taken as an example to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model and method.The results show that making full use of building thermal inertia in the Stackelberg game model can effectively reduce the operation cost of the customers'air conditioning system and increase the profit of the retailer.