西藏孤寡老人睡眠质量及其与心理健康关系

Correlation between sleep quality and mental health among lonely elderly people in nursing homes in Tibet

目的探讨西藏孤寡老人的睡眠质量及其与心理健康的关系,为改善西藏孤寡老人睡眠质量,提高其心理健康提供参考依据。方法于2018年9—11月采用随机整群抽样方法对在西藏自治区拉萨市、山南市、林芝市、日喀则市6家五保集中供养服务中心抽取的275名孤寡老人进行问卷调查。结果西藏275名孤寡老人中,睡眠质量较好、一般和较差者分别为110、95和70人,分别占40.0%、34.5%和25.5%。孤寡老人中文版匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)总分为(5.71±3.57)分,主观睡眠质量、入睡时间、睡眠时间、睡眠效率、睡眠障碍、催眠药物和日间功能障碍维度得分分别为(0.86±0.80)、(0.98±1.04)、(0.39±0.71)、(0.51±0.88)、(1.30±0.55)、(0.61±1.08)和(1.07±0.93)分;孤寡老人老年心理健康量表总分为(187.988±17.493)分,适应能力、人际交往、自我认识、情绪体验和认知效能维度得分分别为(56.071±6.894)、(27.148±5.155)、(33.762±4.462)、(46.441±5.227)和(25.566±4.327)分;相关分析结果显示,西藏孤寡老人PSQI总分与心理健康量表总分和适应能力、人际交往、自我认识、情绪体验、认知效能维度得分均呈负相关(均P<0.05)。结论西藏孤寡老人的睡眠质量形式不容乐观,对其心理健康有明显影响,提高该地区孤寡老人睡眠质量是改善其心理健康的有效途径。

Objective To study the correlation between sleep quality and mental health among lonely elderly people in Tibet Autonomous Region(Tibet)and to provide evidences for improving sleep quality and mental health of the elderly.Methods We conducted a questionnaire survey among 275 lonely elderly people selected with random cluster sampling in 6 five-guarantee centralized support service centers in Lhasa,Shannan,Shigatse,and Nyingchi of Tibet from September to November 2018.Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)was adopted to assess the participants’sleep quality and a mental health scale for urban elderly Chinese was used in the survey.Results Of all the participants,40.0%(110),34.5%(95)and 25.5%(70)were assessed as having a good,normal,and poor sleep quality.The mean overall PSQI score of the participants was 5.71±3.57 and the domain scores were 0.86±0.80 for subjective sleep quality,0.98±1.04 for sleep latency,0.39±0.71 for sleep duration,0.51±0.88 for habitual sleep efficiency,1.30±0.55 for sleep disturbance,0.61±1.08 for sleeping medication,and 1.07±0.93 for daytime dysfunction,respectively.The mean total mental health score of the participants was 187.988±17.493 and the participants’scores of five mental health dimensions were 56.071±6.894 for adaptability,7.148±5.155 for interpersonal communication,33.762±4.462 for self-awareness,46.441±5.227 for emotional experience,and25.566±4.327 for cognitive performance.Correlation analyses demonstrated that the overall PSQI score was inversely correlated with the total mental health score and its five dimension scores(P<0.05 for all).Conclusion Poor sleep quality is prevalent and exerts obvious impacts on mental health status among lonely elderly people in Tibet.The improvement in sleep quality may promote mental health in the population.