深圳市3~5岁儿童龋病流行现状及影响因素分析

Prevalence and influence factors of deciduous dental caries among 3–5 years old children in Shenzhen city

目的了解深圳市学龄前儿童口腔健康水平,为制定学龄前儿童口腔健康策略和开展口腔健康促进提供依据。方法于2018年10月30日—11月23日,在深圳市采用多阶段分层等容随机抽样方法选取1834名3~5岁学龄前儿童为研究对象,按照第四次全国口腔健康流行病学调查方案牙列检查方法和标准,检查全口乳牙牙冠龋,并采用与儿童家长面对面访谈的形式进行口腔健康问卷调查。结果深圳市3、4、5岁儿童乳牙患龋率分别为47.54%、58.77%、72.3%,龋均分别为2.06、3.27、4.52,龋齿充填率依次为2.67%、6.09%、15.02%。经济水平较好地区4岁和5岁儿童乳牙龋均低于经济较差儿童,差异有统计学意义(t=2.76,P=0.01;t=3.36,P=0.001),其余各年龄组儿童不同性别及经济水平间患龋率和龋均差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。多因素非条件logistic回归分析表明,年龄、地区经济水平、糖摄入频率和睡前甜点食用与学龄前儿童乳牙龋病有相关性(P<0.05)。结论深圳市3~5岁学龄前儿童乳牙患龋情况较为严重,应重视学龄前儿童乳牙龋病防治,强化干预措施。

Objective To examine the status of oral health among preschool children in Shenzhen city and to provide evidences for formulating oral health strategies and promoting oral health in preschool children.Methods Using stratified multistage isometric random sampling,we carried out a survey among 1892 children aged 3-5 years recruited at 12 kindergartens in 4 districts of Shenzhen city from October 30 to November 23,2018.Examination methods and standards for the Fourth National Oral Health Survey were adopted in detections of deciduous tooth caries among the children and face-toface interviews on the children's oral health behaviors were conducted among the parents of the children.Results Totally1834 children completed the survey.Among the children aged 3,4 and 5 years,the prevalence rate of dental caries was47.54%,58.77% and 72.3%;the decayed-missing-filled tooth(dmft)index was 2.06,3.27 and 4.52;and the caries filling rate was 2.67%,6.09% and 15.02%,respectively.The 4 and 5 years old children in regions with good economic development had significantly lower dmft compared to the children of same age group in regions with poor economic development(t=2.76,P=0.01 and t=3.36,P=0.001).No significant differences in prevalence rate of deciduous tooth caries and dmft index were observed between the children of other age groups in regions with good and poor economic development(P>0.05 for all).Unconditional multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age,economic development of living region,frequency of sugar intake and dessert intake before going to bed were correlated significantly with the prevalence of deciduous tooth caries among the children(P<0.05 for all).Conclusion The prevalence of deciduous tooth caries is relatively high among 3-5 years old children in Shenzhen city and measures for prevention and treatment of the dental disease should be promoted in the children.