沈阳汉族和满族医学生血压情况及其与体成分关系

Blood pressure and its relationship with body composition among Han and Man medical students in Shenyang city

目的了解辽宁省沈阳市汉族和满族医学生血压情况及其与体成分之间的关系,为高血压的预防提供参考依据。方法于2018年5月采用整群抽样方法在沈阳某高校抽取2189名19~21岁汉族和满族临床医学和预防医学专业本科生进行血压和体成分指标的测量,应用多元线性回归模型分析血压与体成分指标之间的关系。结果沈阳市汉族19、20和21岁男生收缩压分别为(135.30±11.67)、(135.42±14.56)和(134.65±13.31)mm Hg,均高于汉族同龄女生收缩压的(124.04±18.81)、(120.62±11.21)和(122.27±11.96)mm Hg,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01);满族20和21岁男生收缩压分别为(133.06±14.95)和(134.11±11.66)mm Hg,均高于满族20和21岁女生收缩压的(121.10±11.10)和(120.66±11.25)mm Hg,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。汉族和满族医学生高血压、正常高值血压检出率分别为15.4%和11.5%、56.5%和56.2%;汉族和满族男生高血压检出率均高于同民族女生(均P<0.05);随着年龄增长,汉族和满族医学生及女生的正常高值血压检出率均呈下降趋势(均P<0.05)。多元线性回归分析结果显示,沈阳汉族医学生体质指数(BMI)和腰臀比(WHR)均与收缩压和舒张压呈正相关(均P<0.01);满族医学生BMI和WHR均与收缩压呈正相关,BMI与舒张压亦呈正相关(均P<0.05)。结论沈阳市汉族和满族医学生高血压和正常高值血压检出率较高,男生是血压控制的重点防护对象,BMI和WHR较高是血压升高的危险因素。

Objective To examine blood pressure and its relationship with body composition among Han and Man medical students in Shenyang city for providing evidences to hypertension prevention in the students.Methods With cluster sampling,we recruited 2189 Han and Man clinical and preventive medicine students aged 19–21 years in a university in Shenyang city and carried out blood pressure and anthropometric measurement in the students during May 2018.Multivariate linear regression was adopted in analysis on associations of body mass index(BMI)and waist-to-hip ratio(WHR)with blood pressure.Results The age-specific mean systolic blood pressure(SBP)(mm Hg)of both the Han and Man male students were significantly higher than those of female students(135.30±11.67 vs.124.04±18.81,135.42±14.56 vs.120.62±11.21,and 134.65±13.31 vs.122.27±11.96 for the Han students aged 19,20,and 21 years;133.06±14.95 vs.121.10±11.10 and 134.11±11.66 vs.120.66±11.25 for the Man students aged 20 and 21 years;all P<0.01),except for the Man students aged 19 years.Among the Han students,the detection rate of hypertension and normal high blood pressure were15.4% and 11.5% in the Han students and 56.5% and 56.2% in the Man students,with significantly higher detection rate of hypertension among male Han and Man students than among female Han and Man students(both P<0.05).Significantly decreased prevalence rate of normal high blood pressure with the increment of age was observed in both Han and Man female students(all P<0.05).Linear regression results revealed significantly positive correlations between BMI and WHR with SBP and diastolic blood pressure(DBP)in the Han students(P<0.01 for all);in the Man students,BMI and WHR were positively correlated significantly with SBP and DBP and BMI was positively associated with DBP significantly(P<0.05 for all).Conclusion Detection rate of hypertension and normal high blood pressure are high and high body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio are risk factors of hypertension among Han and Man medical students in Shenyang city,especially among the male students.