中国公务员锻炼状况及其影响因素系统文献综述

Status and influencing factors of physical exercise among civil servants in China:a systematic review and analysis

目的了解中国公务员的锻炼状况及其影响因素,为促进我国公务员健康生活方式养成提供参考依据。方法检索中国知网数据库、万方数据资源系统、维普中文数据库、Web of Science数据库、Elsevier/Science Direct数据库、PubMed数据库、Elsevier/Engineering Village数据库、Springer Link数据库、IEL数据库和Nature数据库,同时在百度学术和谷歌学术中检索并收集于2005年1月1日—2018年11月30日发表的中国公务员锻炼的相关中英文文献,采用系统文献综述法分析中国公务员的锻炼状况及其影响因素。结果中国公务员锻炼的主要动机为强身健体和消遣娱乐,最主要的锻炼项目为走跑类;大多数公务员锻炼频率未达到≥3次/周的标准,且体育锻炼均以低中等强度为主;参与锻炼的公务员中,绝大部分的锻炼时间≥30 min,达到全国体育人口标准。影响公务员体育锻炼的客观因素主要为没时间、场地设施不便、缺乏指导、缺乏组织和缺少同伴,主观因素主要为对锻炼认识不到位、自身惰性、经济因素。结论中国大部分公务员锻炼未达到全国体育人口的标准,影响其锻炼的主要原因为没时间、场地限制、缺乏锻炼指导、找不到伴、对锻炼认识不到位、自身惰性、经济因素等。

Objective To examine the status and influencing factors of physical exercise among civil servants in China and to provide references for promoting healthy lifestyle in the population.Methods We retrieved research literatures on physical exercise among civil servants in China published in Chinese or English from January 1,2005 to November 30,2018 via searching Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang database,VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals,Web of Science database,Elsevier/Science Direct,PubMed,Elsevier/Engineering Village,Springer Link,IEL database,and Nature database;manual searching through Baidu Scholar and Google Scholar was also conducted.Systematic literature review was adopted in analysis on physical exercise and its influencing factors among Chinese civil servants.Results The analysis finally included a total of 54 studies which surveyed civil servants working in various government departments at different administrative levels in 16 provinces and 2 municipalities directly under central government in China.For the civil servants surveyed,main motivations of physical exercise is for fitness and entertainment.The most frequently reported ways of exercise are walking and running;the physical exercise frequency reported by the majority of the civil servants was lower than that of national recommendation(3 times/week and above)and the exercise intensity was at low or moderate level.For the most of the civil servants with regular physical exercise,the reported average time for every exercise reached the national recommendation(≥30 minutes).Main objective factors hindering civil servants’physical exercise are lack of time,without convenient facilities,lack of guidance,lack of organization and lack of companions;while main subjective factors preventing the civil servants from physical exercise are lack of cognition on significance of exercise,inertia and economic condition.Conclusion Among civil servants in China,the proportion of people meeting national physical fitness measurement standards is low in frequency of physical exercise and main hindering factors for physical exercise are lack of time,limited venues,lack of exercise guidance,lack of partners,poor cognition on physical exercise,inertia,and economic condition.