商事法律行为初论

A Preliminary Discussion on Commercial Juristic Act

通过对商事法律行为的专门研究,得出如下结论:商事法律行为确实存在,它既不同于民法中的民事法律行为,也不同于商法中的商行为。虽然存在着密切的牵连性,但民事法律行为和商行为本身并不当然等同于商事法律行为。可分别从民事法律行为与商行为中提炼出某些重要的商事法律行为自身具有的特质,即商事法律行为的实施者是以商人为主的商事主体;商事法律行为的意思表示主要表现为团体意思表示,并在其他诸多方面不同于民事法律行为的意思表示;商事法律行为的法律效果既体现了法律的谦抑性,又强化了对商事主体的严格责任,商法中的外观性与独立性是商事法律行为的重要表征。商事法律行为与民事法律行为具有各自的逻辑思维和处理方法,二者共同构成了私法上的法律行为。虽然民商共处一典,但却不能以民代商,也不能以商代民,而是要运用民法的思维和方法解决民法问题,运用商法的思维和方法解决商法问题。

Through specialized studies on the commercial juristic act and then comes to the following conclusion:commercial juristic act indeed exists and is different from both the civil juristic act in the context of civil law and the commercial transaction in the context of commercial law.Although some close connections are found among the three,the civil juristic act and commercial transaction per se do not certainly equal to the commercial juristic act.This paper has separately extracted some important traits from the civil juristic acts and commercial transactions,which are borne by commercial juristic acts per se.Namely,the actors of commercial juristic act are commercial legal subjects dominated by merchants;the declaration of will under the commercial juristic act is mainly shown by a collective will,which is different from the declaration of will under the civil juristic act in many aspects;the legal effect of the commercial juristic act has not only reflected the principle of necessity for laws,but has also strengthened the strict liability for the commercial subjects.The rechtsschein and independence as found in commercial law are the important characteristics of the commercial juristic act.Therefore,the commercial juristic act and civil juristic act have their respective logical thinking and handling approaches,and the two have jointly constituted the juristic act in the context of private laws.It is thus indicated that though the civil and commercial laws and rules are integrated into the Code,they should be applied differently under the same Code,neither the rough application of civil laws and rules to commercial juristic act nor the rough application of commercial laws and rules to civil juristic act.Instead,the civil law thinking and approaches should be used to solve civil law issues while commercial law thinking and approaches should be used to solve commercial law issues.