任意的当事人变更之再认识

Recognition on the Arbitrary Litigant Alteration

关于任意的当事人变更,学说上存在诉之变更说、复合行为说以及特殊行为说三种观点。我国承袭苏联立法曾对其进行了粗略规定,随后又废止。理论研究及立法规则的缺位引发了制度的异化。从本质上而言,任意的当事人变更是一个关涉诉讼经济与程序保障调和的利益衡量问题。在当下诉讼资源紧缺的司法环境下,其具有不可或缺的重要价值。对任意的当事人变更制度的复位与完善应当跳出现有学说争议的框架,从诉讼经济的理念出发,同时兼顾当事人的主体地位及程序保障,以类型化的视角完成对前提要件及程序效力的规则设置。

As to the arbitrary litigant alteration,there are three viewpoints of its character,the theory of alteration of appeal,the theory of compound action and the theory of special action.Our country has inherited legislation from the Soviet Union,but was soon abolished.The absence of theoretical research and legislative rules leads to the alienation of the system.Essentially,the arbitrary litigant alteration is closely related to the reconciliation of litigation economy and procedural safeguard.In the judicial environment where litigation resources are scarce,it has indispensable and important value.The restoration and improvement of the arbitrary party alteration system should break away from the framework of theoretical disputes,proceed from the concept of litigation economy,consider the subject status and procedural safeguard of the parties,complete the rules setting of the prerequisite elements and procedural effectiveness from the perspective of typology.