研究述评:波斯摩尼教在中土的道化

Research Review:Taoismization of Persian Manichaeism in the Middle Earth

自摩尼教传入中国以后,其发展的过程可谓是一波三折,甚至几度濒临禁绝。因此,为了谋求生存和发展,积极进行华化就成了摩尼教的必然选择,主要体现在摩尼教之佛教化、道教化和民间化三个方面。过去,学术界的关注点、主要在于摩尼教的佛教化问题,因为摩尼教所尊崇的五佛中本身就有释迦牟尼佛,摩尼教的义理与仪式等都有受到佛教深刻的影响。至于摩尼教的道化问题,囿于史料所限,研究较少,这一情况直到2008年以后随着福建霞浦等地大批摩尼教文献的发现才大为改观。对这一课题的研究动向进行回顾与总结,有助于推动该领域的持续发展。

After Manichaeism was introduced into China,it underwent a series of twists and turns in its development,and was even on the verge of being banned several times.Therefore,in order to survive and develop,it was an inevitable choice for Manichaeism to be localized,which was mainly reflected in three aspects:Buddhismization,Taoismization and folkization.In the past,the academic circle was mainly focused on the Buddhismization of Manichaeism,because one of the five Buddhas revered by Manichaeism was Sakyamuni Buddha,and the doctrine and ritual of Manichaeism were deeply influenced by Buddhism.As for the Taoismization of Manichaeism,limited by historical materials,few studies have been conducted.This situation was not much improved until 2008 with the discovery of a large number of Manichaeism documents in Xiapu,Fujian,and other places.Reviewing and summarizing the research trend of this topic is helpful to promote the sustainable development of this research field.