基于ArcGIS的幼儿园空间布局研究——以南宁市为例

Research on Spatial Distribution of Kindergarten Based on ArcGIS:A Case Study of Nanning City

我国对幼儿园的发展日益重视,但城镇幼儿园仍普遍存在数量不足和空间布局不合理的问题,急需解决。本文认为城镇幼儿园空间布局的核心内容是幼儿园的空间位置与服务范围,据此提出幼儿园布局优化的一种有效和高效的方法:以道路系统规划图和居住用地规划图为底图,依据相关技术标准和规范选出和保留合规的现状幼儿园,设定幼儿园300 m和500 m的沿路步行服务范围,按一定原则来增加新的幼儿园候选位置和居住小区位置,利用ArcGIS的网络分析工具优化幼儿园的空间布局,得到所需的最少幼儿园数量及其服务范围分布图。本文以此方法对南宁市快环内东部幼儿园进行布局优化,得到300 m有239所、500 m有172所两个布局优化方案,幼儿园覆盖率都达到了93%以上。

China pays more and more attention to the development of kindergarten,but problems of their insufficient quantity and unreasonable spatial distribution are still ubiquitous and must be urgently solved.The core content of the spatial distribution of urban kindergartens is their spatial positions and service boundaries.Taking the road system planning map and residential land planning map as the base maps,this paper puts forward an effective and efficient method to optimize the kindergarten distribution:It is recommended to pick out and retain the current qualified kindergartens according to the relevant technical codes and norms;We propose to set the walking service range of 300 meters and 500 meters along the roads,and add new kindergarten candidate locations and residential neighborhood locations according to certain principles;We use the network analysis tools of ArcGIS to optimize the spatial distribution of kindergartens,and obtain the minimum number of kindergartens and their service boundaries.In this paper,the kindergarten distribution in the eastern part inside the fast ring of Nanning city is optimized by this method,and two solutions of distribution optimization are obtained,which are 239 kindergartens with 300 meters of service boundary and 172 kindergartens with 500 meters of service boundary.The coverage rate of kindergartens of both solutions is over 93%.