西欧文学中的那耳客索斯母题——与主题学相关的几个问题

Narcissus Theme in Western European Literature and Some Issues of Thematology

路易丝·文奇的著作全面地阐述了从奥维德时代到19世纪初那耳客索斯形象的多重意义,重点分析了神话故事的原型意义及相关联的三个母题:影像母题、错觉(或幻觉)母题和认知母题。认为自12世纪该主题即被确立,此后几个世纪里影像和错觉(或幻觉)母题得到强化。那耳客索斯形象是骄傲的傻瓜,他被虚假的快乐和表象所欺骗,而认知母题几乎被忽略。14世纪的新阐释,那耳客索斯则成为善于遗忘的男人;15世纪则成为关注美的物质形态的男人;17世纪强调这一形象的情色和感性元素;18世纪讨论了两种自恋的区别,一种指向自我认知和对人性的认识,另一种是导致贫乏无知。该著还提出了关于“历史”主题的概念,以及关于题材史作为文学研究方法价值的问题。但该著并未揭示“那耳客索斯”母题的本质。

In Louise Vinge’s work,the multiple meanings of Narcissus image from the Ovid times to the early 19th century were interpreted.The significance of the myth fairy tale archetype and the related three motifs including image motif,illusion(or hallucination)motif and recognition motif were analyzed.It is thought that this motif was established since the 12th century and the image motif and illusion motif were strengthened in later centuries.The image of Narcissus is a proud fool deluded by the false pleasures and appearances of this world,while the recognition motif was neglected.In the 14th century,Narcissus was regarded as a forgetful man;in the 15th century,he was regarded as a man who paid attention to beautiful things;in the 17th century,the erotic and sensible factors about this image were emphasized and in the 18th century,the difference between two kinds of narcissism were discussed,one directs to the cognition of self-acknowledgement and humanity and the other leads to poverty and ignorance.In the book,the concept of history motif was proposed.The issue that theme history can be used as a method for literary study was also put forward.Nevertheless,the essence of Narcissus motif was not revealed.