“薄膜即是界面,界面即是薄膜”:二维有机半导体晶体的研究进展

The Interface-like Films:A Review of 2D Organic Semiconducting Crystals

自首次于聚乙炔发现导电现象以来,具有共轭结构的有机半导体材料赖其种类丰富多样、制备工艺简捷低耗、以及优异的机械柔性等特点,在“后硅时代”中有望以先进光电子设备展现其广阔前景,因而多年来备受学界和产业界的瞩目。如何进一步阐明有机半导体中结构和性能之间的关系,探索电荷载流子微观动力学行为,构筑高性能、新功能的有机光电子器件,是当下有机电子学领域的前沿核心问题,也是保证其持续发展的基石。近年来,二维有机半导体晶体材料在秉持高度有序的分子排列与极低的杂质缺陷浓度等优点的同时,更是以“薄膜即是界面、界面即是薄膜”为一帜,克服传统体材料在研究与应用中的瓶颈,为揭示材料构性关系及其中基本物理过程提供了良好的平台,也是实现多样化的新型有机光电子器件的理想材料,有望为微纳电子领域带来新一轮变革。本文从二维有机半导体晶体的制备工艺、电荷载流子微观动力学行为,再到新型器件的光电功能应用等方面,综述了最新研究进展,做出总结和展望,并提出目前面临的挑战及未来研究方向,旨在为进一步深入理论研究,结合有机材料与先进技术,推动有机电子学的发展提供有益帮助。

Since the first discovery of conductive phenomena in polyacetylene, organic semiconductors(OSCs)with the conjugated structure are expected to show their broad prospects as the basic components in various advanced electronic devices in the coming post-silicon era. A large variety of functional OSCs can be obtained by low-cost and simple deposition techniques to exhibit remarkable mechanical flexibility. Hence, they have attracted abundant attention in both academia and industry for decades. Clarifying the structure-property relationship, probing the carrier transport behavior,and realizing high-performance optoelectronic devices with novel functions have been the cornerstones for the sustainable development of organic electronics. In recent years, two-dimensional(2D) OSCs with highly ordered molecular packing and disorder-free structures can be remarkably regarded as the interface-like films, which potentially overcome the bottlenecks of traditional bulk materials. Specifically, OSCs provide an excellent platform for basic researches, and also act as the ideal materials for various emerging optoelectronics, which are promising to bring revolutionary breakthroughs to the micro/nano electronics. In this review article, the recent progresses in the deposition techniques, charge transport behaviors, functional applications, and perspectives with 2D OSCs are discussed. This review aims to provide guidance for the furtherance of fundamental studies, combining organic materials with advanced technologies to promote the development of organic electronics.