医务人员血源性职业暴露监测分析及预防对策

Monitoring,analysis and preventive measures of hematogenous occupational exposure of medical personnel

目的分析医务人员发生血源性职业暴露的危险因素,并采取有针对性的预防措施,以降低血源性职业暴露发生的风险。方法选取2017年1月至2019年12月我院发生职业暴露并上报的95例医务人员,统计分析其暴露人群、工作年限、暴露环节、发生场所、暴露源类型。结果血源性职业暴露发生率较高者为护士,占47.37%,工作年限在5年以下者占61.05%,发生地点主要在病房,占52.63%,暴露环节主要在输液或拔针时。暴露源以乙型肝炎病毒为主,共39例,占41.05%;暴露原因不明的有32例,占33.68%。结论血源性职业暴露应以预防为主,加强医务人员职业暴露知识培训、提高自我防范意识、认真落实标准预防、规范操作流程是预防医务人员职业暴露的关键。

Objective To analyze the risk factors of hematogenous occupational exposure of medical personnel,and take targeted preventive measures to reduce the risk of hematogenous occupational exposure.Methods A total of 95 medical personnel who reported occupational exposure in our hospital from January 2017 to December 2019 were selected,and the exposure population,working years,exposure link,occurrence place and exposure source type were statistically analyzed.Results Nurses had higher the incidence rate of hematogenous occupational exposure,accounting for 47.37%,and among those with working years less than 5 years accounting for 61.05%.The occurrence place was mainly in wards,accounting for 52.63%.The exposure link was mainly in infusion or needle extraction.The main source of exposure was hepatitis B virus,totally 39 cases,accounting for 41.05%;there were 32 cases of unexplained exposure,accounting for 33.68%.Conclusion Prevention should be given priority to hematogenous occupational exposure.The key to prevent occupational exposure of medical personnel is to strengthen the training of occupational exposure knowledge of medical personnel,improve the awareness of self prevention,seriously implement the standard prevention and standardize the operation process.