摘要
Estrogen and estrogen receptor-alpha(ER)signaling are important factors in the pathogenesis and treatment of ER-positive breast cancers.Therefore targeted therapies against ER,known as endocrine therapies,are widely used in the treatment of ER-positive breast cancers.While these therapies have shown great success,de novo and acquired resistance are common.The approach to the problem of endocrine therapy resistance is twofold:identify the mechanisms of resistance and develop alternative treatments to overcome these mechanisms.This review focuses on the progress and integration of these two aspects of resolving endocrine therapy resistance in ER-positive breast cancer patients.
基金
This work was supported by:The Avon Foundation(BHP)and the Canney Foundation.We would also like to thank and acknowledge the support of National Institutes of Health P30 CA006973
the Sandy Garcia Charitable Foundation,the Commonwealth Foundation,the Santa Fe Foundation,the Marcie Ellen Foundation,The Helen Golde Trust and The Robin Page/Lebor Foundation.
