门静脉压力评估方法的现状及研究进展

Status and Research Progress of Portal Vein Pressure Assessment Methods

肝硬化是各类肝病发展的晚期状态。门静脉高压作为肝硬化的主要临床表现之一,可导致上消化道出血、肝性脑病等严重并发症,威胁患者生命。目前诊断门静脉高压的金标准是肝静脉压力梯度,其可以准确评估肝病患者出血风险、危险分层及治疗效果。但此检查为有创检测方法,操作风险高,费用大,对于肝病患者无法做到定期随访和动态监测。目前应用超声检查的肝脾硬度测定和CT血管重建的虚拟门静脉压力测定等无创检测方法在门静脉高压中的应用均取得了突破性进展。

Cirrhosis is an advanced state of the development of various liver diseases.Portal hypertension is one of the main clinical manifestations of liver cirrhosis,which can lead to serious complications such as upper gastrointestinal bleeding and hepatic encephalopathy,which threatens the lives of the patients.The gold standard for portal hypertension is the gradient of hepatic vein pressure,which can accurately assess the risk of bleeding,risk stratification,and therapeutic effect in patients with liver disease.But this examination is an invasive detection method with high operational risk and high cost but lack of regular follow-up monitoring.At present,liver and spleen stiffness measurements based on ultrasound examination and virtual portal pressure measurement based on CT vascular reconstruction have made great achievements in the diagnosis of portal hypertension.