5种经济鱼类内脏脂肪酸含量及组成分析

Analysis of the Fatty Acid Contents and Composition in 5 Species of Economic Fish Guts

为探明经济鱼类内脏利用价值,采用水解法提取5种经济鱼类内脏脂肪酸,应用气相色谱外标法分析脂肪酸含量及组成。结果表明,5种经济鱼类共检出30种脂肪酸,其中11种饱和脂肪酸,8种单不饱和脂肪酸和11种多不饱和脂肪酸。秋刀鱼总脂肪酸含量最高,为(2504.27±64.99)mg/100 g,鳙鱼内脏最低,为(712.28±5.82)mg/100 g;不饱和脂肪酸比例除秋刀鱼内脏为31.37%外,其余鱼类内脏在56.78%~85.06%之间;3种淡水鱼类内脏必需脂肪酸含量较高,为23.75%~40.85%,但二十碳五烯酸(eicosapentaenoic acid,EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(docosahexenoic acid,DHA)含量较低;海水鱼类青占鱼内脏中EPA+DHA含量比例较高,为30.88%,但必需脂肪酸含量较低,在6%以下。以上结果表明,部分经济鱼类内脏脂肪酸含量丰富,其中淡水鱼类必需脂肪酸含量较高,海水鱼类DHA含量极高,具有较好的开发利用价值。

In order to explore the utilization value of economic fish guts,the crude fatty acids of five kinds of economic fish guts were extracted by hydrolysis method,and the contents and composition of fatty acids were analyzed via external standard method of gas chromatography.The results showed that a total of 30 fatty acids were found in 5 types of economic fish guts,including 11 saturated fatty acids,8 monounsaturated fatty acids and 11 polyunsaturated fatty acids.The content of total fatty acids in Cololabis saira was the highest(2504.27±64.99)mg/100 g and that in Aristichthys nobilis was the lowest(712.28±5.82)mg/100 g.The proportion of unsaturated fatty acids was between 56.78%and 85.06%,except that the proportion of monounsaturated fatty acids was 31.37%in Cololabis saira.The contents of essential fatty acids of the three freshwater fish guts were higher(23.75%-40.85%),but the contents of eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA)and docosahexenoic acid(DHA)were lower.In the seawater fish guts,the proportion of EPA+DHA contents in the Pneumatophorus japonicus gut was higher(30.88%),but the content of essential fatty acids was lower(less than 6%).The above results showed that the fatty acids of some economic fish guts were rich,among which the essential fatty acids of freshwater fish were higher,and the DHA content of seawater fish was very high,which had the value of further development and utilization.