宋代药业官营民营并举与农工商体系初步形成

Development of Medical System and Pharmaceutical Commerce in Song Dynasty

宋朝建立在五代十国分裂战乱、经济处于崩溃的基础上,因而赵宋立国就加强中央集权、大力恢复发展经济文化。最重要的措施是:废除2000年来束缚商业发展的“坊市制”,大力发展官营、民营工商业和对外贸易,开办各级学校教育,减轻农民、商人赋税,使商品经济、文化教育、科学创新获得空前发展。宋朝对发展医药尤其重视,表现为大力整理、编修医药书籍;开办医学教育培养上医和药材种植人才;提高医药人的政治与社会地位;积极发展官营药业,带动民营药业进步,使城市药铺普及,药市、制药作坊与药材规模种植兴起,药业获得农工商体系初步形成的大好局面,谱写了中国药业史上的光辉之页。

The Song Dynasty was established on the basis of the division of Five Dynasties and Ten States.Therefore,the Song Dynasty strengthened centralization and vigorously restored the development of economic culture.The most important measures are:1)Abolish the″market system″that has restricted commercial development for 2000 years,vigorously develop trade between government and private,establish schools at all levels,reduce taxes on farmers and businessmen.2)The Song Dynasty paid special attention to the development of medical.A great number of medical books has been edited and piblished that time.3)Opening medical education to train medical professionals and medicinal planting talents.4)Improving the political and social status of medical professionals.Above all,the pharmaceutical industry has achieved a good situation in the initial formation of the agricultural and industrial system,which has written a glorious page in the history of the Chinese pharmaceutical industry.