基因编辑技术及其在药用植物中的应用展望

Gene Editing Technology and Its Application Prospects in Medicinal Plants

基因编辑是一项能够在生物体基因组水平上实现对DNA序列精确定向修饰的新技术。该技术主要利用序列特异性核酸酶靶向识别切割基因组上目标位点,造成DNA双链断裂(DSBs),进一步诱发非同源末端连接(NHEJ)和同源性重组(HR)2种修复机制对断裂的DNA双链进行修复,实现修复位点碱基的插入、缺失和替换,从而达到对靶基因精确编辑的目的。对基因编辑技术的类型、作用原理及该技术在植物领域中的应用进行综述,并对基因编辑技术在药用植物功能基因组学和遗传改良中的应用前景进行展望。

Gene editing is a new technology that enables precise targeted modification of DNA sequences at the genome level of an organism.The technology mainly uses sequence-specific nuclease to target and cleave the target sites on the genome,resulting in DNA double-strand breaks(DSBs),further inducing non-homologous end joining(NHEJ)and homologous recombination(HR)repair mechanisms.The cleavage of the DNA double strand is repaired,and the insertion,deletion and substitution of the base of the repair site are achieved,thereby achieving the purpose of accurately editing the target gene.This paper introduces the type and mechanism of gene editing technology and its application in plant field,and prospects the application of gene editing technology in functional genomics and genetic improvement of medicinal plants.