同心县农村留守儿童社会生活状况对心理孤独感影响的调查分析

Investigation and Analysis of the Influence of the Social Life Status of the Rural Left-behind Children in Tongxin County on the Psychological Loneliness

目的分析宁夏同心县农村地区留守儿童社会生活状况对心理孤独感的影响,为改善农村留守儿童心理健康的相关教育提供理论依据。方法 2019年10月,采用方便整群抽样的方法,选取宁夏同心县5所农村小学三至六年级的990名学生进行现况调查,问卷主要包括社会生活状况调查表、儿童社会交往焦虑测评量表及儿童孤独量表。结果本次调查共发放990份调查问卷,有效问卷908份,有效回收率为91.72%,其中留守儿童455份,非留守儿童453份;留守儿童的父亲在外打工的情况居多(78.90%),有极少的父母会关注留守儿童的心理问题(4.18%),有36.70%的留守儿童认为父母外出打工是一段痛苦的经历,有60.22%的留守儿童认为父母外出打工会对学习成绩产生影响。留守儿童社交回避及苦恼评价得分高于非留守儿童(P<0.001);留守儿童孤独感评分高于非留守儿童(P<0.001)。生活起居方式、父母外出打工持续年限、社交回避及苦恼评价得分是留守儿童心理孤独感得分的主要影响因素(P均<0.05)。结论农村留守儿童孤独感强于非留守儿童,应多关注与爷爷奶奶同住、父母外出打工已持续多年、社交回避及苦恼评价得分高的留守儿童的心理孤独感教育。

Objective To Analyze the influence of the social life status of the left behind-children in Ningxia Tongxin rural areas on their psychological loneliness,so as to provide theoretical basis for improving the health education of the left-behind children in rural areas. Methods In October 2019,990 students from grades 3 to6 in 5 elementary schools in Tongxin County,Ningxia were selected to conduct a status survey using a convenient cluster sampling method. The questionnaire mainly included social life conditions,children’s social interaction anxiety assessment scale and children’s loneliness scale. Results A total of 990 questionnaires were distributed,908 were effective,and the effective rate was 91.72%,including 455 left-behind children and 453 non-left-behind children. Most of the left-behind children’s fathers worked outside the home(78.90%),a small number of parents would pay attention to the psychological problems of left-behind children(4.18 %),36.70% of left-behind children thought that their parents’ going out to work was a painful experience,60.22% of the left-behind children thought that their parents going out to work would have an impact on their academic performance. The scores of social avoidance and distress of left-behind children were higher than those of non-left-behind children(P<0.001);the scores of loneliness of left-behind children were higher than those of non-left-behind children(P<0. 001). Life style,parents’ working time,social avoidance and distress evaluation scores were the main influencing factors of left behind children’s psychological loneliness(P all<0. 05). Conclusion The loneliness of left-behind children in rural areas is stronger than that of non-left-behind children. More attention should be paid to the education of psychological loneliness of left-behind children who live with their grandparents,whose parents have been working outside for many years,whose social avoidance and distress evaluation scores are high.