中国城市知识创新网络的等级性与区域性演化--以合著科研论文为例

Hierarchical and Regional Evolution of China's Intercity Knowledge Innovation Network:Evidence from Scientific Publication Collaboration

以论文合作为媒介的知识网络是新时期研究城市创新系统的重要视角。研究基于2002—2006年和2012-2016年Web of Science上科研论文合著数据,利用大数据技术和社会网络分析,以地级以上城市为节点,构建中国城市知识创新网络,进而探讨其等级与区域特征的时空演化及原因。结果发现:(1)从空间格局看,2006—2016年中国城市知识创新网络密度增大,联系增强,形式增多,“京-沪-广-蓉”主干结构逐渐显化,合作模式由高能级城市间长距离跃迁变为远程链接与邻近扩散相结合。(2)从等级性看,2006-2016年北京均是中国知识创新网络的核心,中心性排名明显上升的是西安、长沙、济南、重庆、苏州,与其所在城市群整体的创新协同发展有关;中介性位次明显提升的是南宁、重庆、乌鲁木齐、银川,“首府引力效应”不断强化。(3)从区域性看,2006—2016年中国城市知识创新网络组团结构更加细化,山东半岛组团崛起、成渝组团集聚、东北组团扩张、海西组团收缩,其主要受城市群发展规划、市场配置和邻近机制的影响。

The knowledge network based on scientific publication collaboration is a critical perspective toexplore urban innovation systems in the new era.Based on the co-authored scientific publication data of 2002-2006 and 2012-2016 from Web of Science,China's intercity knowledge innovation networks(CKINs)were constructed with nodes representing cities at the prefecture-level and above.By employing big datatechnology and social network analysis,the spatio-temporal evolution of the CKINs and the underlyingmechanisms were analyzed.The results show that:(1)In terms of the spatial pattern,the density of theCKINs from 2006 to 2016 increased,the collaboration linkages were strengthened,and the collaborationmode became diverse.The backbone structure of"Beijing-Shanghai-Guangzhou-Chengdu"became moreevident.The innovative mode evolved from long-distance intercity collaboration among big cities to thatjoint with adjacent diffusion.(2)In terms of hierarchy,Beijing was the absolute core of CIKNs from 2006to 2016.The centrality ranking of Xi'an,Changsha,Jinan,Chongqing,and Suzhou significantly increaseddue to the overall innovative and coordinated development of their urban agglomerations.The betweennessranking of Nanning,Chongqing,Urumqi,and Yinchuan significantly improved.The"capital gravity effect"became apparent.(3)In terms of regionality,the community structure in the CKINs became more nuanced.The emergence of the Shandong Peninsula community, the convergence of Chengdu-Chongqing community,the expansion of Northeast community, and the shrinking of West Strait community were mainly affected bythe urban agglomeration development plan, market allocation, and proximity mechanisms.