青年学生艾滋病病毒检测意愿及多维度检测行为分析

Willingness and behavior of HIV testing among college students in Beijing city:a multi-dimensional analysis

目的分析青年学生艾滋病病毒(HIV)检测行为现状及检测意愿,探索影响青年学生HIV检测行为的认知因素,为提高青年学生HIV检测主动性提出宣传教育建议,为青年学生艾滋病疫情防控政策制定提供参考依据。方法基于2015年中美艾滋病防治合作项目(GAP),在北京市选取5所高校,采用方便抽样及滚雪球抽样方法抽取研究对象,并基于健康信念模型(HBM)理论自行编制问卷进行网络问卷调查,最终回收有效问卷2230份,有效率为87.0%。结果仅84名(3.8%)学生报告接受过HIV检测。1917名(86.0%)学生表示可以接受将HIV检测纳入常规体检中,男生接受的比例(82.3%)低于女生(87.9%)(P<0.01)。869名(39.0%)学生知晓HIV检测可快速实现,且男生(46.8%)知晓的比例高于女生(34.9%)(P<0.01)。接受过HIV检测的学生疾病易感性得分高于未检测组,易感性更强;但在严重性、益处及检测障碍方面平均总得分均低于未检测组;两组学生在“觉得没必要或自己感染风险很低”这一障碍条目得分最高。结论青年学生总体对HIV检测的接受度较高,但HIV检测率较低。不知道有HIV检测是青年学生不主动寻求HIV检测服务的主要原因。提高青年学生自身感染的风险意识、加强对目前艾滋病的流行现状与特点的宣传教育、普及HIV检测的相关知识,将有助于促进该人群主动寻求HIV检测。

Objective To investigate the cognition,willingness,and behavior of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)testing among college students in Beijing city and to provide evidences for promoting voluntary HIV testing and developing effective AIDS prevention and control measures in the students.Methods With convenient sampling/snowball sampling and a questionnaire self-designed based on health belief model theory,we conducted an online anonymous survey in Beijing city among 16-30 years old undergraduate and graduate students(n=2562)in 5 universities with the implementation of the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Global AIDS Program-China Cooperation(GAP)in 2015.Results The response rate of the survey was 87.0%.Of the 2230 students with valid information,only 3.8%(86)reported ever having an HIV testing;86.0%(1917)considered that the inclusion of HIV testing in regular physical examination is acceptable and the proportion was significantly lower in the male respondents than in the female respondents(82.3%vs.87.9%,P<0.01);39.0%(869)were aware of rapid HIV testing and the awareness rate was significantly higher in the male respondents than in the female respondents(46.8%vs.34.9%,P<0.01).The respondents ever receiving an HIV testing had a higher score for perceived HIV susceptibility but lower scores for perceived severity of HIV infection,benefits and barriers of HIV testing compared to those never receiving the testing.In terms of barriers for participation in HIV testing,both the respondents with and without HIV testing reported the highest score for the item of cognition on the necessity of HIV testing and the susceptibility of HIV infection.Conclusion The acceptance rate was high but the participation rate was low for HIV testing and being not aware of HIV testing was a main reason for the low rate of HIV voluntary counseling and testing among the undergraduate and graduate students in Beijing city.The results suggest that health education on HIV/AIDS should be promoted among the students.