长江流域生态补偿的科学问题与对策

Scientific Issues and Solutions in Ecological Compensation of the Yangtze River Basin

长江大保护是国家生态文明建设的重要组成部分,建立流域生态补偿制度是实施长江大保护重要机制。在总结流域生态补偿科学研究现状与实践的基础上,提出长江流域生态补偿中的关键科学问题和对策。分析表明:流域各地方及上下游之间的经济社会发展与生态环境保护时空关系及互馈机制、自然资源实物量和价值量动态核算与时空转换关系、市场化多元利益补偿模式等是建立长江流域生态补偿机制的关键科学问题。解决这些问题,不仅需要借鉴国外理论和方法,而且需要针对我国及长江流域自然资源禀赋及经济社会发展水平,将科学问题与管理问题结合,才能有效建立科学、合理的生态补偿机制,实现长江大保护和长江流域高质量发展。

Yangtze River Protection is a crucial part of the Chinese national ecological civilization construction.Establishing ecological compensation system for the river basin is a pivotal mechanism of implementing the Yangtze River Protection.The current research situation and practice of ecological compensation in the Yangtze River Basin are summarized.On this basis,the key scientific issues and potential solutions in the ecological compensation of the Yangtze River Basin are put forward.The key scientific issues include:the spatial-temporal relationship and mutual feedback mechanism of economic and social development and eco-environmental protection and between upstream and downstream areas of the basin,the dynamic accounting and space-time conversion relation of the physical and value amounts of natural resources,and the market-oriented multi-stakeholder compensation modes.In order to solve these problems,we should not only learn from foreign theories and methods,but also combine scientific problems with management problems according to the natural resources endowment and economic and social development level of China and the Yangtze River Basin.Only in this way can we establish an effective,scientific and reasonable ecological compensation mechanism and realize the great protection of the Yangtze River and the high-quality development of the river basin.