城市绿化节水灌溉技术比较研究

Comparative Study on Water-saving Irrigation Techniques for Urban Greening

随着城市绿化面积的不断增大,其用水量与水资源短缺之间的矛盾渐显,推广节水灌溉技术在城市中的应用是解决水资源短缺问题的趋势所向。基于此,在对比喷灌、微喷灌、滴灌、微润灌及痕量灌溉等不同节水灌溉系统技术特征的基础上,基于情景假设,开展了五类节水灌溉系统用水量及总投资的对比分析,并以此为基础,探讨了五类灌溉系统对再生水的适用性问题,最后提出了适用于不同城市绿地形式的灌溉系统。结论表明:微润灌及痕量灌溉系统的单位面积年用水量较滴灌系统分别减少了39.6%、42.4%;微润灌及痕量灌溉系统单位面积投资最高,分别为8.09元/m2和8.02元/m2;以再生水为水源的条件下喷灌系统的抗堵塞性能最优,微喷灌、微润灌、痕量灌溉其次,滴灌系统抗堵塞性能最差;综合考虑不同节水灌溉系统的技术特征、用水量、总投资及对再生水的适用性等因素,建议主要推广微喷灌及微润灌系统在城市绿地中的应用。

With the continuous increase of urban green area,the contradiction between water consumption and water resources shortage is becoming more and more obvious.It is the trend to promote the application of water-saving irrigation technology in cities to solve the problem of water shortage.So,based on the comparison of the technical characteristics of different water-saving irrigation systems,such as sprinkler irrigation,micro sprinkler irrigation,drip irrigation,moistube irrigation and trace irrigation,the water consumption and total investment of five types of water-saving irrigation systems are compared and analyzed based on scenario hypothesis.On this basis,the applicability of the five types of water-saving irrigation systems to reclaimed water is discussed.Finally,the irrigation system suitable for different urban green space forms is put forward.The results show that:compared with drip irrigation system,the annual water consumption per unit area of moistube irrigation system and trace irrigation system is reduced by 39.6%and 42.4%,respectively;the investment per unit area of moistube irrigation and trace irrigation system is the highest,which is 8.09 yuan/m2 and 8.02 yuan/m2 respectively;The anti-clogging performance of sprinkler irrigation system is the best when reclaimed water is used as water source,followed by micro sprinkler irrigation,moistube irrigation and trace irrigation,and the anti-clogging performance of drip irrigation system is the worst;Considering the technical characteristics,water consumption,total investment and applicability to reclaimed water of different water-saving irrigation systems,it is suggested that the application of micro sprinkler irrigation and moistube irrigation system in urban green space should be promoted.This paper aims to provide reference for the popularization and application of water-saving irrigation technology in the city.