试谈清宫演剧中的六郎庄

Research on Liulangzhuang in the Royal Dramas of the Qing Dynasty

康熙二十年(1681年)开始宫廷演剧教习的人事隶属机构为南府、景山两处,至康熙五十一年(1712年)又增添了六郎庄学艺处。但南府、景山的教习制度至迟在乾隆十九年(1754年)都已衍变为“外学”制,而六郎庄学艺处与六郎庄教习却消失于文献记载中。这一方面,可能是由于六郎庄毗邻畅春园,受畅春园在清代皇室活动中地位变迁所影响;另一方面,又因六郎庄童子棍的表演形式属于武术杂耍的“小戏”范畴,无法与南府、景山的昆腔、弋腔大戏表演同日而语。

Royal drama teachers were affiliated to two institutions Nanfu and Jingshan in the 20th year of Kangxi emperor,and Liulangzhuang was established in the 51st year of Kangxi emperor.The education systems of Nanfu and Jingshan were reformed to the system of“external learning”in the 19th year of Qianlong emperor,whereas Liulangzhuang came to end without any paper record.This is because of the fall of the status of Changchunyuan which is adjacent to Liulangzhuang and the type of drama in Liulangzhuang which failed to put itself on a par with Kunqu and Yiqiang of Nanfu and Jingshan.