国际商事惯例的规范性及适用

The Normativity and Application of International Commercial Customs

国际商事惯例是国际商法的重要法律渊源之一。现今产生了许多将商事惯例主观化的倾向,忽视了商事惯例本身的规范性,这一现象对国际商事主体从事商事交往时产生的合理预期的效力造成影响,也排除了法院依职权主动适用国际商事惯例的可能性。产生国际商事惯例法律属性认定困难的原因除却对于法律本身的定义不同以外,还有社会环境的变化以及形式上的问题。对于国际商事惯例的适用,利于大数据对商事交往活动进行分析,将会方便法院主动适用惯例。对国际商事惯例的进一步细化,有助于明晰国际商事惯例、国际条约和国内立法间的适用顺序。

Commercial custom is one of important sources of international commercial law.There are many international commercial customs that overlook the normativity of international commercial customs,which undermines the reasonable expectations of international commercial communications and eliminates the possibility of courts to apply international commercial customs ex officio.It is difficult to determine the legal character of international commercial customs because of the different definition of law and the changes of social environment and forms.The use of big data in the analysis of commerce is helpful for courts to apply international commercial customs,and the refinement of international commercial customs is useful to clarify the application order of international customs,international agreements and domestic laws.