冠状病毒的研究进展

Research progress of coronaviruses

冠状病毒是一类在自然界广泛存在的,可引起跨种间传播并对人兽健康构成严重威胁的传染病病原体。由于宿主谱广泛和选择压力大,冠状病毒会发生变异以逃避宿主免疫反应,从而变得更具致病性。在不到20年的时间里,冠状病毒已经导致了3次令全球恐慌的重大疫情,包括目前的新冠疫情。基于此,有必要对冠状病毒进行重新审视。因此,本文从冠状病毒的分类、基因与蛋白结构、编码蛋白功能、复制周期与致病机制、免疫应答、检测与防治等方面对冠状病毒进行了全面系统的概括和分析,以期深入了解冠状病毒的特性,为预防和控制新发冠状病毒的发生和传播提供参考。

Coronaviruses are a kind of infectious disease pathogen that widely exist in nature,which can cause cross species transmission and pose a serious threat to human and animal health.Owing to a wide host range and selection pressure,the coronaviruses mutate to evade immune responses and can become more pathogenic.This is evident by the fact that in a period of just less than 20 years,coronaviruses have caused three major outbreaks including the current COVID-19 pandemic.Based on this,it is necessary to re-examine coronaviruses.Hence,this article provides a systematic overview and analysis of coronaviruses in terms of classification,gene and protein structure,encoded protein function,replication cycle and pathogenic mechanisms,immune response,detection and prevention,so as to further understand the characteristics of coronaviruses and provide reference for preventing the occurrence and transmission of new coronavirus.