外泌体在寄生虫及媒介病毒中的研究进展

Research progress on parasites exosomes and arborvirus

人体寄生虫主要分为医学原虫、医学蠕虫和医学节肢动物。在寄生虫与其宿主漫长的共同进化中,要求寄生虫建立一种强大的适应性和一系列复杂的分子机制来逃避、抑制宿主细胞免疫系统的攻击,同时激活宿主细胞协助调控其寄生环境,以最大限度地生存并触发和保持感染。近些年,受哺乳动物外泌体相关研究启发,研究人员发现,外泌体在以上过程中发挥着重要的作用,比如参与调节虫体的毒力、参与虫体的免疫逃逸或免疫抑制、维持寄生虫病的感染和转归。现如今,人体寄生虫领域的外泌体研究取得了一定的成果,本文针对寄生虫源外泌体以及宿主源性外泌体在寄生和感染时发挥的作用及其作用机制进行综述,同时针对外泌体与媒介病毒的研究进展进行简要概述。

The human parasites are mainly divided into medical protozoa,medical worms and medical arthropods.A strong adaption and a serious of complex molecular mechanism to escape and suppress the attack of the immune system of host cell should be established for parasites in the long co-evolution between parasites and their host.Simultaneously activating host cells helps regulate their host environment to maximize survival and trigger and maintain infection.In recent years,inspired by studies on mammalian exosomes,researchers have found that exosomes play important roles in such processes as regulating virulence of worms,participating in immune escape or immunosuppression of worms,and maintaining infection and progression of parasitic diseases.At present,some achievements have been made in the field of human parasite exosomes.In this paper,the role and mechanism of parasite exosomes and host-derived exosomes in parasite parasitism and infection were reviewed,and the research progress of exosomes and vector viruses were briefly summarized.